Wittanthony1686

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for screening, diagnosis, image-guided therapy, and scientific research. A significant advantage of MRI over other imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and nuclear imaging is that it clearly shows soft tissues in multi-contrasts. Compared with other medical image super-resolution methods that are in a single contrast, multi-contrast super-resolution studies can synergize multiple contrast images to achieve better super-resolution results. In this paper, we propose a one-level nonprogressive neural network for low up-sampling multi-contrast super-resolution and a two-level progressive network for high upsampling multi-contrast super-resolution. The proposed networks integrate multi-contrast information in a high-level feature space and optimize the imaging performance by minimizing a composite loss function, which includes mean-squared-error, adversarial loss, perceptual loss, and textural loss. Our experimental results demonstrate that 1) the proposed networks can produce MRI super-resolution images with good image quality and outperform other multi-contrast super-resolution methods in terms of structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio; 2) combining multi-contrast information in a high-level feature space leads to a signicantly improved result than a combination in the lowlevel pixel space; and 3) the progressive network produces a better super-resolution image quality than the non-progressive network, even if the original low-resolution images were highly down-sampled.In in-utero MRI, motion correction for fetal body and placenta poses a particular challenge due to the presence of local non-rigid transformations of organs caused by bending and stretching. The existing slice-to-volume registration (SVR) reconstruction methods are widely employed for motion correction of fetal brain that undergoes only rigid transformation. However, for reconstruction of fetal body and placenta, rigid registration cannot resolve the issue of misregistrations due to deformable motion, resulting in degradation of features in the reconstructed volume. We propose a Deformable SVR (DSVR), a novel approach for non-rigid motion correction of fetal MRI based on a hierarchical deformable SVR scheme to allow high resolution reconstruction of the fetal body and placenta. Additionally, a robust scheme for structure-based rejection of outliers minimises the impact of registration errors. The improved performance of DSVR in comparison to SVR and patch-to-volume registration (PVR) methods is quantitatively demonstrated in simulated experiments and 20 fetal MRI datasets from 28-31 weeks gestational age (GA) range with varying degree of motion corruption. In addition, we present qualitative evaluation of 100 fetal body cases from 20-34 weeks GA range.The classification to materials of oracle bone is one of the most basic aspects for oracle bone morphology. However, the classification method depending on experts' experience requires long-term learning and accumulation for professional knowledge. This paper presents a multi-regional convolutional neural network to classify the rubbings of oracle bones. Firstly, we detected the "shield pattern" and "tooth pattern" on the oracle bone rubbings, then complete the division of multiple areas on an image of oracle bone. Secondly, the convolutional neural network is used to extract the features of each region and we complete the fusion of multiple local features. Finally, the classification to tortoise shell and animal bone was realized. Utilizing the image of oracle bone provided by experts, we did experiment, the result show our method has better classification accuracy. It has made contributions to the progress of the study of oracle bone morphology.Compared with global average pooling in existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), global covariance pooling can capture richer statistics of deep features, having potential for improving representation and generalization abilities of deep CNNs. However, integration of global covariance pooling into deep CNNs brings two challenges (1) robust covariance estimation given deep features of high dimension and small sample size; (2) appropriate usage of geometry of covariances. To address these challenges, we propose a global Matrix Power Normalized COVariance (MPN-COV) Pooling. Our MPN-COV conforms to a robust covariance estimator, very suitable for scenario of high dimension and small sample size. It can also be regarded as power-Euclidean metric between covariances, effectively exploiting their geometry. Furthermore, a global Gaussian embedding network is proposed to incorporate first-order statistics into MPN-COV. For fast training of MPN-COV networks, we implement an iterative matrix square root normalization, avoiding GPU unfriendly eigen-decomposition inherent in MPN-COV. Additionally, progressive 1x1 convolutions and group convolution are introduced to compress covariance representations. The proposed methods are highly modular, readily plugged into existing deep CNNs. Extensive experiments are conducted on large-scale object classification, scene categorization, fine-grained visual recognition and texture classification, showing our methods outperform the counterparts and obtain state-of-the-art performance.We introduce a detection framework for dense crowd counting and eliminate the need for the prevalent density regression paradigm. Typical counting models predict crowd density for an image as opposed to detecting every person. These regression methods, in general, fail to localize persons accurate enough for most applications other than counting. Hence, we adopt an architecture that locates every person in the crowd, sizes the spotted heads with bounding box and then counts them. Compared to normal object or face detectors, there exist certain unique challenges in designing such a detection system. Some of them are direct consequences of the huge diversity in dense crowds along with the need to predict boxes contiguously. We solve these issues and develop our LSC-CNN model, which can reliably detect heads of people across sparse to dense crowds. LSC-CNN employs a multi-column architecture with top-down feature modulation to better resolve persons and produce refined predictions at multiple resolutions. NSC697923 E2 conjugating inhibitor Interestingly, the proposed training regime requires only point head annotation, but can estimate approximate size information of heads.