Caldwellhjelm0316

001) and SD (10 ± 15%; p = 0.002). Mean ratings of palatability were similar among drinks (WA 4.25 ± 2.60; SD 5.61 ± 1.79; DD 5.40 ± 1.58; p = 0.33). Although time trial performance was similar across all three trials (WA 2365 ± 321 s; SD 2252 ± 174 s; DD 2268 ± 184 s; p = 0.65), the completion time was faster in eight participants with SD and seven participants with DD than with WA. Comparing SD with DD, completion time was reduced in five participants and increased in four participants. DD was more effective at restoring the fluid deficit during recovery from exercise than SD and WA without compromising the drink's palatability with increased sodium concentration. Most individuals demonstrated better endurance exercise time trial performance with DD and SD than with WA.Policy has been developed to promote the conduct of high-quality pediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Whether these strategies have influenced publication trends in high-impact journals is unknown. We aim to evaluate characteristics, citation patterns, and publication trends of pediatric RCTs published in general medical journals (GMJs) compared with adult RCTs over a 13-year period. Studies were identified using Medline, and impact metrics were collected from Web of Science and Scopus. All RCTs published from 2005-2018 in 7 GMJs with the highest impact factors were identified for analysis. A random sample of matched pediatric and adult RCTs were assessed for publication characteristics, academic and non-academic citation. Citations were counted from publication until June 2019. Among 4146 RCTs, 2794 (67.3%) enrolled adults, 591 (14.2%) enrolled children, and 761 RCTs (18.3%) enrolled adult and pediatric patients. Adult RCTs published in GMJs grew by 5.1 publications per year (95% CI 3.3-6.9), while the number of pediatric RCTs did not show significant change (-0.4 RCTs/year, 95% CI -1.4-0.6). Adult RCTs were cited more than pediatric RCTs (median(IQR) 29.9 (68.5-462.8) citations/year vs. 13.2 (6.8-24.9) citations/year; p less then 0.001); however, social media attention was similar (median(IQR) Altmetric Attention Score 37 (13.75-133.8) vs. 26 (6.2-107.5); p = 0.25). Despite policies which may facilitate conduct of pediatric RCTs, the publishing gap in high-impact GMJs is widening.Blastocystis cf. hominis is an unicellular protozoan parasite commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Blastocystis is characterized by high morphological and genetic diversity. Studies based on the analysis of Blastocystis spp. small subunit ribosomal RNA genes (SSU rDNA) have identified 26 subtypes (ST) so far, including at least 10 isolated from humans (STs 1-9 and ST12). In 2017, stool samples from a dog and its two owners living in Gdynia, Poland were examined; all three were suffering from chronic diarrhoea. In addition, 30 faecal samples were also examined from 30 dogs kept in one of Warsaw's hotels for animals. Stool specimens were analyzed using anaerobic cultivation at 37°C with a modified Jones' medium and molecular methods (PCR). Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed. Vacuolar forms of Blastocystis were identified in the stool samples of the dog and its owners; Blastocystis were not detected in any sample from the dogs living in the animal hotel. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the obtained isolates were classified as subtype ST3 (for Owner 1) and subtype ST7 (for Owner 2 and the dog). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate the presence of Blastocystis in canines in Poland, including domestic dogs.

Nicotine addiction is associated with nicotine absorption from buccal mucosa and it is stated that the main factor that determines the nicotine absorption is saliva pH. In the literature, the effects of changes in saliva pH values after eating and drinking on smoking desire in the smokers were not questioned.

The main purpose of this study was to show the effect of saliva pH changes on smoking desire. Bcl-2 inhibitor review The secondary aims were to show the effects of coffee and water drinking on saliva pH and the effects of smoking on oral-dental health (oral hygiene, gingival bleeding).

Case-control.

A questionnaire was administered that included "Sociodemographic Data Form" and smoking history and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Oral and dental examinations were performed with mirror sonds and using oral hygiene standard Silness and Leöe plaque index and DMFT Index (Index of Decayed Missing or Filled Teeth). Untreated saliva samples were taken and baseline saliva flow rate and pH values were measured. T01, after coffee consumption 4.91 (±3.08); p<0.01 and after water 3.15 (±2.72); p<0.01.

The saliva pH increased after coffee consumption and decreased after drinking water. Besides VAS values decreased significantly after drinking water. The results suggest that a simple behavior such as drinking water may be used in conjunction with behavioral and cognitive therapies in the pursuit of smoking cessation.

The saliva pH increased after coffee consumption and decreased after drinking water. Besides VAS values decreased significantly after drinking water. The results suggest that a simple behavior such as drinking water may be used in conjunction with behavioral and cognitive therapies in the pursuit of smoking cessation.

To study the need for inclusion of shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in simulations of basis sets for the analysis of proton MR spectra of single voxels of the brain acquired with a semi-LASER pulse sequence.

MRS basis sets where simulated at different echo times with hard RF pulses as well as with shaped RF pulses without or with magnetic field gradients included. The influence on metabolite concentration quantification was assessed using both phantom and in vivo measurements. For comparison, simulations and measurements were performed with the PRESS pulse sequence.

The effect of including gradients in the simulations was smaller for semi-LASER than for PRESS, however, still noticeable. The difference was larger for strongly coupled metabolites and at longer echo times. Metabolite quantification using semi-LASER was thereby less dependent on the inclusion of gradients than PRESS, which was seen in both phantom and in vivo measurements.

The inclusion of the shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in the simulation of basis sets for semi-LASER is only important for strongly coupled metabolites.