Greenbergbirch8200

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria (DAMO) have received great attention for their excellent performance in nitrogen removal. However, not much study focused on the co-existence of anammox, DAMO, and denitrification in constructed wetlands, not to mention the advantage of their application in mitigating the necessary byproduct nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) from the biodegradation process. In this study, the result indicated the construction of integrated vertical constructed wetlands (IVCWs) contributed to the high-efficient stable simultaneous anammox, DAMO and denitrification (SADD) process for the nutrients removal, with denitrification being the least contributor to nitrogen reduction. Besides the succession of SADD process was largely the driver for the variation of N2O, CH4 emission. The structural equation method (SEM) further suggested that the three biological pathways of qnorB/bacteria, archaea/qnorB, and anammox/nirK accounted for the N2O production, as were top-controlled by mcrA/DAMO in IVCWs. Besides the anammox-associated nitrifier denitrification was the main source for N2O production. And that the trade-off effect between the CH4 and N2O production was exerted by the DAMO, while the influence was far from satisfactory under the methane constraints.Kütahya city, a thermal power plant (TPPs) affected region of Turkey, has serious air quality problems like similar industrial regions of the world due to the emissions from three closely-located coal-fired TPPs, residential coal combustion along with the contribution of several industrial stacks. The organic chemical speciation of ambient size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was investigated during two seasons at two sites with different pollution characteristics (urban and rural). The ambient PM was collected using a high volume cascade impactor, with 6 stages PM>10.2, PM10.2-4.2, PM4.2-2.1, PM2.1-1.3, PM1.3-0.69 and PM less then 0.69. Collected PM samples were extracted with organic solvents and the organic composition (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes and carboxylic acids) was determined by GC-MS. Sources of the organic species were assessed using molecular PAH diagnostic ratios, carbon preference index and wax percentages. More than 70% of the PM-bound PAHs were quantified in submicron particles. Similarly, 34-42% of n-alkanes and approximately 30% of the carboxylic acids were found on the smallest particles. The main sources of the PM-bound organic species were considered as the anthropogenic emissions such as coal and biomass combustion and also vehicular emissions rather than the biogenic sources. Considerably high cancer risk levels were obtained through inhalation of PAHs. Seasonal variations and size distributions of the carboxylic acids and levoglucosan were also evaluated. Hydrotropic Agents chemical Polar organic compound concentrations were higher in the summer period at both locations probably due to the higher sunlight intensity and temperature favoring their photochemical formation.The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems has recently received increased attention. Small plastic particles may resemble natural food items of larval fish and other aquatic organisms, and create strong selective pressures on the feeding traits in exposed populations. Here, we examined if larval ingestion of 90 μm polystyrene microspheres, in the presence of zooplankton (Artemia nauplii, mean length = 433 μm), shows adaptive variation in the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). A full-factorial experimental breeding design allowed us to estimate the relative contributions of male (sire) and female (dam) parents and full-sib family variance in early feeding traits, and also genetic (co)variation between these traits. We also monitored the magnitude of intake and elimination of microplastics from the alimentary tracts of the larvae. In general, larval whitefish ingested small numbers of microplastics (mean = 1.8, range = 0-26 particles per larva), but ingestion was marginally affected by the dam, and more strongly by the full-sib family variation. Microsphere ingestion showed no statistically significant additive genetic variation, and thus, no heritability. Moreover, microsphere ingestion rate covaried positively with the ingestion of Artemia, further suggesting that larvae cannot adaptively avoid microsphere ingestion. Together with the detected strong genetic correlation between food intake and microplastic intake, the results suggest that larval fish do not readily possess additive genetic variation that would help them to adapt to the increasing pollution by microplastics. The conflict between feeding on natural food and avoiding microplastics deserves further attention.The photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) is recognized as an economical and effective way for U(VI) removal/recovery from solutions. To improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under visible light, TiO2 was hydrogenated by NaBH4 to generate Ti3+ self-doped black TiO2 (BTn). The self-doped Ti3+ alongside oxygen vacancies (Ov) could act as interband level to increase visible light capture and reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers. The obtained BTn samples showed high performance for U(VI) elimination under near neutral conditions, and held an outstanding anti-interference for U(VI) over competing metal cations and anions. Methanol and ethanol could act as sacrificial donors, being favorable for the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI), while the presence of EDTA inhibited the photoreduction of U(VI). The BTn photocatalysts showed relatively high stability and reusability during the photocatalysis and elution processes. The XPS, TEM and XRD results revealed that U(VI) was photo-reduced to form UO2 on the surface of BTn. This work may serve as an important reference for improving the photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 as well as for the efficient removal/recovery of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.Anthropogenic activities have significantly changed the stoichiometry and concentrations of nutrients in coastal waters. Silicon (Si) has become a potential limiting nutrient due to disproportionate nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate inputs into these areas. The disrupted nutrient ratios can cause changes to metal sensitivity and accumulation in marine diatoms, an important group of eukaryotic phytoplankton that requires silicon for growth. In this study, we examined the effects of Si availability on the metal sensitivity in the diatom P. tricornutum. We found that Si starvation dramatically compromised its cadmium, copper, and lead tolerances. Interestingly, multiple lines of evidence indicated that Si-enriched cells had higher metal adsorption and influx rates than Si-starved cells. Yet Si-enriched cells also had a greater ability to respond to and counteract metal toxicity via elevated expression of membrane and vacuolar metal transporters and greater antioxidant activities which scavenge reactive oxygen species created by metal stress.