Sanfordgreenwood1727

Iron composite nanoparticles were prepared (90% yield) using macromolecule chitosan and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM & EDX). These were utilized to remove diclofenac sodium in water. The adjusted parameters were 400 μg/ L, 50.0 min., 5.0, 2.0 g/ L and 25.0 °C as concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent amount and temperature for the elimination of diclofenac sodium in water with maximum 85% elimination. The sorption was spontaneous with exothermic. Data followed Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Thermodynamic parameter ΔG° values were -12.19, -13.74 and -15.67 kJ/mol at 20, 25 and 30 °C temperatures. The values of ΔH° and ΔS° were 8.58 and 20.84 kJ/mol. Pseudo-first-order and liquid film diffusion mechanisms were proposed for the adsorption. This adsorption method is fast, effective eco-friendly and low-cost as it may be used in natural circumstances of water resources. The sorption method may be applied for the elimination of diclofenac sodium in any water body at a huge and financial scale.Low molecular weight heparosan is an un-sulfated polysaccharide primarily used as a precursor for heparin synthesis that has recently been used in drug delivery applications. Heparosan synthesis from recombinant bacterial systems provides a safer alternative to naturally producing pathogenic bacterial systems. In this study, we engineered a functional heparosan synthesis pathway in Bacillus megaterium by the expression of E. coli K5 kfiC and kfiA glycosyltransferase genes. Upregulation of individual UDP-sugar precursor pathway genes enhanced the heparosan production, indicating that UDP-precursor sugar concentrations were limiting the biosynthesis. The engineered B. megaterium yielded a maximum heparosan concentration of 394 mg/L in batch bioreactor. The heparosan titer was further increased to 1.32 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the chemical structure of B. megaterium derived heparosan was identical to E. coli K5 heparosan. The heparosan molecular weight varied from 31 to 60 kDa, indicating its potential as a precursor for chemoenzymatic heparin biosynthesis. This study provides an efficient process to produce heparosan from non-pathogenic B. megaterium.New details of chemical structure of Araucaria lignin are the focus of this paper, since Araucaria is a relict plant which fossils are dated by the Permian period. Quantitative chemical analysis, FTIR, EPR and 2D NMR spectroscopies, Py-GC/MS and nitrobenzene oxidation have been used to characterize the Araucaria lignin. This work highlighted the structural features of the lignin of Araucaria, which distinguish it from modern coniferous (gymnosperm) lignins. This lignin exhibits pronounced paramagnetic properties with the concentration of paramagnetic centers of 3.0 × 1017 spin/g, the value of g-factor of 2.0036 corresponds to the phenoxyl radical. The Araucaria lignin is apparently unique since it does not belong to the known G, GS or GSH types. For the first time it was quantitatively proven that he lignin of Araucaria was assigned to compositionally heterogeneous GH lignins, which is not typical for modern lignins.Carrageenan-based functional wound dressing materials were prepared through a one-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using lignin as a reducing and capping agent in the carrageenan matrix cross-linked with divalent cations such as CaCl2, CuCl2, and MgCl2. The wound healing efficacy of the hydrogel film was evaluated using Sprague-Dawley rats. Crosslinking with divalent cations improved the physical properties of carrageenan-based hydrogels containing AgNPs such as strength, flexibility, swelling ratio, and release rate of Ag ions depending on the type of crosslinking agent used. compound library chemical The carrageenan-based hydrogels were biocompatible against the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929 cell line). Carra/Lig/AgNPs/MgCl2 hydrogel significantly healed the wounds in Sprague-Dawley rats within two weeks, reducing the wound area to less then 3%, which was further confirmed by histological analysis with the epidermis and mature glands. Carrageenan-based multifunctional hydrogels have a high potential for wound dressing applications.The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate chitosan dispersed lipid vesicles (chitosomes) as potential delivery carriers for repurposing metformin (Met) against malignant pleural mesothelioma. Chitosomes were prepared by directly hydrating the thin lipid film using chitosan solution as hydration medium, instead of using it as a coating agent. Developed chitosomes demonstrated spherical morphology, positive surface charge (~30 mV) and ~60% encapsulation efficiency. The calorimetric studies and X-ray diffraction pattern of Met-loaded chitosomes confirmed the successful encapsulation of Met inside the chitosome vesicles. Optimized chitosome formulation showed ~70% drug release in 72 h, displaying prolonged and controlled release of drug. Results demonstrated that Met encapsulated chitosomes possessed enhanced cellular internalization and improved cytotoxic potential. Our findings also supported inhibitory activity of chitosomes against metastatic property of pleural mesothelioma cells. The in-vitro tumor simulation studies further established anti-tumor activity of Met encapsulated chitosomes as supported by reduction in tumor volume and presence of minimal viable cells in tumor mass. The obtained results establish the effectiveness of chitosomes as delivery carrier for Met as treatment alternative for malignant pleural mesothelioma.Mesquite gum (Prosopis gum) is an exudate gum obtained from mesquite tree (Prosopis sp.). Main constituents of this gum are D-galactose & L-arabinose along with trace amount of D-mannose, D-glucuronate & D-xylose. It also contains protein in its chemical structure. Chemically, it is similar to gum arabic which makes it a competent substitute of gum arabic for various applications. Viscosity values of mesquite gum solution are somewhat lower than gum arabic which opens door for its application as dietary fiber in various food products which is an untouched territory. Mesquite gum has several functional properties which makes it a functional hydrocolloid. It has appreciable emulsifying and encapsulation capacity for various food components. Another application of mesquite gum is its use as drying aid in foam mat drying of fruits. It is also a potential film forming agent and used for extending shelf life of fruits. In pharmaceutical industry, it is used as tablet binder and stabilizer in suspensions. All these functional properties and applications of mesquite gum suggest that it is an underutilized functional gum.