Carlssonbroussard3626

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen in humans. EV-D68 causes a wide range of respiratory symptoms in children and has the propensity to cause severe complications. EV-D68 outbreaks are rarely investigated in mainland China. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of EV-D68 in children and to describe the clinical manifestations as well as the phylogeny of EV-D68 in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2018.

Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from hospitalized children with respiratory symptoms and screened for respiratory pathogens by fluorescence quantitative PCR and culture. The EV-positive samples were subsequently typed by sequencing the 5'-untranslated region and EV-D68-specific VP1 capsid gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum-likelihood method based on the VP1 gene using ClustalW.

A total of 1,498 (59.8%) out of 2,503 children were screened positive for ≥1 virus species. Among the 158 (6.31%) EV-positive samples, 17 (0.68%) were identified as EV-D68. Most EV-D68 cases (n=14) were diagnosed with pneumonia and bronchial pneumonia. No deaths were found in EV-D68 cases. Wheezing occurred in EV-D68 cases more frequently (70.59% vs. 43.26%, P=0.040) than that of other EVs. All the EV-D68 were of clade B3, which were highly similar to the strains circulating in China.

EV-D68 was the predominant enterovirus type in hospitalized children with respiratory symptoms in Guangdong Province. All the EV-D68 strains belong to clade B3. The development of diagnostic tools is warranted in order to monitor EV-D68 infections in China.

EV-D68 was the predominant enterovirus type in hospitalized children with respiratory symptoms in Guangdong Province. All the EV-D68 strains belong to clade B3. The development of diagnostic tools is warranted in order to monitor EV-D68 infections in China.Highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA are the standard of care for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, the accuracy of these methods for the quantitation of active virus rather than non-infectious RNA fragments that can persist for extended periods of time has been unclear. This issue is particularly relevant for congregate care patients who are unable to return to their home residence until fully negative by NAATs. We tested paired samples from individual patients for the presence of virus at both early and later stages of disease. Culture of nasopharyngeal swab samples for 10 days in Vero E6 cells revealed active virus in only 4 out of 14 (28.6%) patients. The ability to isolate viral plaque-forming units (PFU) correlated with viral RNA loads of >6.79 log genomic copies/ml and only occurred in samples collected from patients early after symptom onset and before development of antibody. Culture in Vero E6 cells lacking the STAT1-dependent interferon signaling pathway increased the numbers of viral PFU detected but did not affect the incidence of positive cultures. We conclude that culturable virus is correlated with SARS-CoV-2 NAATs detection only during early symptom onset and with high viral titers/low antibody titers in non-immunosuppressed patients.Intertidal microbial communities occur as biofilms or microphytobenthos (MPB) which are sediment-attached assemblages of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, diatoms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances. Despite their global occurrence, they have not been reviewed in light of their structural and functional characteristics. This paper reviews the importance of such microbial communities and their importance in carbon dioxide sequestration as well as pollutant bioremediation. Global annual benthic microalgal productivity was 500 million tons of carbon, 50% of which contributed towards the autochthonous carbon fixation in the estuaries. Primary production by MPB was 27-234 gCm-2y-1 in the estuaries of Asia, Europe and the United States. Mechanisms of heavy metal removal remain to be tested in intertidal communities. Cyanobacteria facilitate hydrocarbon degradation in intertidal biofilms and microbial mats by supporting the associated sulfate-reducing bacteria and aerobic heterotrophs. BRD0539 inhibitor Physiological cooperation between the microorganisms in intertidal communities imparts enhanced ability to utilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants by these microorganisms than mono-species communities. Future research may be focused on biochemical characteristics of intertidal mats and biofilms, pollutant-microbial interactions and ecosystem influences.Despite its legislative regulation and control, the quality and safety of aquatic products is somewhat questioned due to the potential bioaccumulation of pollutants. The elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were determined in the liver and muscle of wild and captive-reared Seriola dumerili with the aim of studying possible differences between origins, and sex-related variations. Additionally, the dietary intake of these elements derived from its consumption was also evaluated. Most of the elements and metals analyzed were accumulated to a higher extent in the liver of wild specimens whereas lower differences were observed in the muscle. Overall, the elements and metal composition of wild females strongly differed from that of captive-reared specimens probably related to the mobilization of nutrients for the spawning season in wild mature females, which were greater than their captive-reared counterparts.We studied the abundance of seafloor litter in the bay of Bejaia, Algeria, in order to better understand its sources and distribution and provide scientists with the technical basis for further monitoring and reduction measures. Data were collected during trawl surveys dedicated to fishing activity, between 40 and 200m. After each trawl, litter items were manually sorted and analyzed. The highest concentration of 58,998 items/ha was recorded to the east of the bay. Overall, plastic was the dominant component of the litter with 88% of the total amount, in weight. Most of the waste was of terrestrial origin, with rivers and beaches being the main sources due to population density, highly developed tourism during the summer season, and inadequate waste management. Overall, the results provide relevant benchmarks for future monitoring and are discussed in terms of poor waste management, a critical issue in the region.