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ory. Nonetheless, studies on the exchange and interrelations of medical knowledge, medical systems, medicinal herbs, medical books, medical workforce, and diseases (epidemics) from global history are insufficient. Studies on a medical history that started from Chinese science and technology development history in the 1950s are developing to discuss one theme diversely. Plenty of studies on Chinese medical history need to be performed in various fields, including environmental history, the history of women, archeology, humanities, humanities therapy, integrated medical humanities, medical literature, medical theory, and medical system, which are the traditional fields.
Traumatic oculomotor nerve injury is usually caused by severe head trauma and is generally associated with other neurological deficits such as basilar skull fracture, orbital injury, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Isolated traumatic oculomotor nerve injury after minor head trauma and its MRI findings are rarely reported.
We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with mydriasis, limited inferior and medial movement of the left eyeball, and left ptosis after a mild bump of the left forehead and eye into an electricity pole. The symptoms suggested left oculomotor nerve palsy, but initial facial computed tomography and brain MRI did not reveal any intracranial lesions or fractures in the skull and orbit. Cranial nerve MRI showed segmental hyperintensities and mild thickening of the left oculomotor nerve from the cavernous segment to the proximal orbital segment on T2 short tau inversion recovery and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition sequences. The patient received treatment with oral pyridostigmine for 7 days and was fully recovered at 14 months after injury.
As traumatic oculomotor nerve palsy can occur without intracranial hematomas or skull base fractures, routine brain MRI may not always reveal abnormalities; thus, MRI dedicated to imaging of the oculomotor nerve using FS T2WI and high-resolution 3D sequences can be helpful for the diagnosis and management of patients suspected of isolated oculomotor nerve injury.
As traumatic oculomotor nerve palsy can occur without intracranial hematomas or skull base fractures, routine brain MRI may not always reveal abnormalities; thus, MRI dedicated to imaging of the oculomotor nerve using FS T2WI and high-resolution 3D sequences can be helpful for the diagnosis and management of patients suspected of isolated oculomotor nerve injury.
The use of medical cannabis (MC) for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is expanding. Current evidence does not support the efficacy of MC for reducing inflammation in IBD patients. Even so, many gastroenterologists encounter the issue of recommending use of medical cannabis to IBD patients.
A web-based survey was completed by 84 (34%) gastroenterologists in Israel.
Out of 84 physicians whom completed the questionnaire, 59 (70%) were male, 34 (40%) were under age 50, 71 (85%) were adult gastroenterologists, and 53 (63%) work mainly in a hospital. 15%, 41% and 44% of physicians think that MC is very effective, mildly effective and not effective at all, respectively. Physicians will commonly, rarely and never recommend MC in 31%, 47% and 22%, respectively. Older physicians (above age 50) were significantly more likely to have a positive attitude towards MC in both questions. When presented with a clinical scenario of a patient in deep remission, requesting to increase the dose, 32% would increase, 49% would maintain, and only 18% would stop prescribing MC altogether. 48% of physicians did not know the recommended initial dose for MC. Only 2 (5%) physicians initiated use of MC to all patients. Female gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to initiate MC, p=0.048.
The use of MC for IBD patients is commonly encountered. Completely different attitudes regarding this treatment were seen. Age above 50 and female physicians generally had a more positive attitude towards the use of MC. Guidelines and clear recommendations are needed.
The use of MC for IBD patients is commonly encountered. Completely different attitudes regarding this treatment were seen. Age above 50 and female physicians generally had a more positive attitude towards the use of MC. Guidelines and clear recommendations are needed.This study investigated the protective effect of experimental solutions containing 4 polymers (polyoxirane, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [HPMC], pectin, and an amino methacrylate copolymer [AMC]) in 2 concentrations (low and high) associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-) or sodium fluoride plus stannous chloride (FS; 800 ppm Sn2+) on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals (HA). Deionized water was the control. The pretreated HA was added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH 3.8). An automatic titrant machine added aliquots of 0.1 N HCl at a rate of 28 μL/min, in a total reaction time of 5 min. Groups were compared with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and concentrations with Student t test (5%). The zeta potential of the HA treated with the solutions was measured. Significant differences were found for both factors and interaction (p less then 0.0001). The treatments with F and FS solutions resulted in a lower amount of dissolved HA than the control. Among the polymers' solutions, only AMC was able to reduce the amount of dissolved HA, changing the surface charge of HA to positive. AMC improved the protective effect of F, but it did not affect FS. buy BLZ945 Polyoxirane and HPMC reduced the protective potential of the FS solution. No differences were found between the concentrations of the polymers. It was concluded that F and FS reduced the amount of dissolved HA. The protective effect of the experimental solutions against HA dissolution was polymer dependent. The F effect was enhanced by its combination with AMC, but the protection of FS was impaired by polyoxirane and HPMC.Turner syndrome (TS), characterized by the partial or complete absence of an X-chromosome, provides a unique insight into the role of the X-chromosome and the immune system. While women have a 10-fold higher incidence of autoimmune disease (AD) compared with men, the risk in women with TS is thought to be further doubled. TS is associated with a propensity for a wide variety of ADs that increase in incidence across the life span. Isochromosome Xq as well as isolated Xp deletion karyotypes may predispose to higher rates of AD in TS suggesting the impact of X-chromosome gene dosage. It is likely, however, that epigenetic changes across the genome and the hormonal milieu may also have a profound impact on the immune profile in TS. This review explores the immune phenotype and the spectrum of ADs in TS. Genotype-phenotype correlations are presented with a brief overview of the genetic and hormonal underpinnings.
