Ashleycrane2096

In conceptualizing dementia praecox Emil Kraepelin rephrased catatonic phenomena in purely mental terms, putting aside motor signs which could not be explained in this way. Conversely, the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school pursued Kahlbaum's neuropsychiatric approach and described many new psychomotor signs, e.g. parakinesias, Gegenhalten. They distinguished 8 psychomotor phenotypes of which only 7 are catatonias. These barely overlap with consensus classifications, raising the risk of misunderstanding. Although coming from different traditions, the authors agreed that their differences could be a source of mutual enrichment, but that an important effort of conceptual clarification remained to be made. This narrative review is a first step in this direction.

Fine particulate matter (PM

) exposure has been reported to adversely affect birth outcomes, but the evidence is limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We assessed the associations between maternal PM

exposure and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in Africa.

We used standard Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data (2005-2015) from 15 countries in Africa to conduct a cross-sectional study. The study population was composed of 131,594 births with detailed information on maternal and household variables. LBW was defined as a birth weight of<2500g after 37weeks, and PTB was defined as live birth occurring before 37weeks of gestation. Average exposure to PM

during pregnancy was estimated using satellite-based models. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed, and analyses of data by region (Western, Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa) and data stratified by potential effect modifiers were conducted.

A total of 13,214 (10%) LBW and 4,377 (3n maternal exposure to PM2.5 and higher odds of LBW and PTB. Our findings may facilitate air quality control strategies that address adverse birth outcomes in LMICs.

Prenatal exposure to arsenic is suspected to impair fetal health, including congenital malformations. Few studies investigated an association between maternal exposure to arsenic and congenital heart disease.

To examine the association between maternal exposure to arsenic through drinking water and congenital heart disease among offspring.

This nationwide cohort study included all liveborn children in Denmark, 1997-2014. Maternal addresses at fetal age 4weeks were linked to drinking water supply areas. Exposure was arsenic concentration in drinking water in first trimester in four categories (<0.5μg/L, 0.5-0.9μg/L, 1.0-4.9μg/L, ≥5.0μg/L). Outcomes were defined as congenital heart disease diagnosed within the first year of life, with sub-categorization of severe, septal defects and valvular heart defect. Associations between arsenic levels and congenital heart disease were analysed using logistic regression, presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and adjusted for year of birtg water even at low concentrations (i.e., 0.5-0.9 μg/L) increased the risk of congenital heart disease in the offspring.The ARID1A gene is an infrequent cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) and has been associated with severe to profound developmental delays and hypotonia in addition to characteristic craniofacial and digital findings. We present three fetuses and a male neonate with ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, absence of the corpus callosum (ACC), cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, lung lobulation defects, renal dysplasia, imperforate or anteriorly placed anus, thymus hypoplasia and a single umbilical artery. Facial anomalies included downslanting palpebral fissures, wide-spaced eyes, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, a small jaw, widely spaced nipples and hypoplastic nails. All fetuses had heterozygous variants predicting premature protein truncation in ARID1A (c.4886dupp.Val1630Cysfs*18; c.4860dupp.Pro1621Thrfs*27; and c.175G>Tp.Glu59*) and the baby's microarray demonstrated mosaicism for a deletion at chromosome 1p36.11 (arr[GRCh37] 1p36.11(26,797,508_27,052,080)×1∼2), that contained the first exon of ARID1A. Although malformations, in particular ACC, have been described with CSS caused by pathogenic variants in ARID1A, prenatal presentations associated with this gene are rare. Retinal dysplasia, lung lobulation defects and absent thymus were novel findings in association with ARID1A variants. Studies in cancer have demonstrated that pathogenic ARID1A variants hamper nuclear import of the protein and/or affect interaction with the subunits of SWI/SNF complex, resulting in dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and perturbed PTEN and PIKC3A signaling. As haploinsufficiency for PTEN and PIKC3A can be associated with ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, aberrant expression of these genes is a putative mechanism for the brain malformations demonstrated in patients with ARID1A variants.

Salmonella is one of the most important genera of enteric pathogenic bacteria that threaten duck farms. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolates of duck origin.

Salmonella were isolated from duck cloacal swabs collected from duck farms located in Zhejiang and Henan provinces of China. All of the isolates were identified after a series of confirmatory tests including selective culture method, biochemical tests, serotyping and PCR targeting the invA gene. Isolates were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing analysis of a representative multidrug-resistant Salmonella Indiana isolate (designated SAP) was performed using a combination of Nanopore and Illumina sequencing platforms.

A total of 18 Salmonella isolates were identified. The predominant serotype was Salmonella Indiana (14 of 18 isolates). All 14 Salmonella Indiana isolates were multiresistant to ten antimicrobials with multidrug resistance to ampicillin, cefoperazone, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, colistin B and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The genome of Salmonella Indiana isolate SAP carried 65 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) belonging to different families, including genes encoding antibiotic efflux pumps, rpsL, kdpDE, aac(6'), general bacterial porin with reduced permeability to β-lactams, AmpC-type β-lactamase gene, mutant lpx gene conferring resistance to colistin, sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase folP and trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr.

The Salmonella Indiana strain isolated in this study carried multiple ARGs and exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The Salmonella Indiana strain isolated in this study carried multiple ARGs and exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics.Liver/hepatic cancer (HC) is a disease that roughly afflicts 10% of cancer patients worldwide. HC is in charge of the death of 0.8 million patients on the earth. Multiple approaches, including thermal ablation, target the treatment of HC. In this study, we investigated radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Expert clinicians' visual assessment (VA) dominantly evaluated the outcome of ablation. Inattentively, the disfavors of VA are being subjective and eye-acuity dependent. In support, we propose hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for objective assessment of liver ablation. To verify our proposal, we computed the ablated liver area using VA and HSI. Unfortunately, HSI is a time-intensive technique. To make it less intensive, we present a way of reducing data analysis time. Saving time permits medical decisions, likewise continue or stop RF ablation, to be taken safer and faster. The way to reduce the time for HSI data analysis depends on narrowing the spectral bands of interest to only the most relevant ones to liver chromophores. Liver chromophores change in concentration because of thermal ablation. VA hardly senses these changes, however, HSI does it. Ultimately, the spectral band centered at 630 nm is optimal for objectively support RF ablation decision-makers.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is known to play a role in feeding, nausea, and body weight, with action through the GFRAL-RET receptor complex in the area postrema (AP) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). To further elucidate the underlying cell type-specific molecular mechanisms downstream of GDF15 signaling, we used a single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) approach to profile AP and NTS cellular subtype-specific transcriptomes after systemic GDF15 treatment.

AP and NTS micropunches were used for snRNAseq from Sprague Dawley rats 6h following GDF15 or saline injection, and Seurat was used to identify cellular subtypes and cell type-specific alterations in gene expression that were due to the direct and secondary effects of systemic GDF15 treatment.

Using the transcriptome profile of ∼35,000 individual AP/NTS nuclei, we identified 19 transcriptomically distinct cellular subtypes, including a single population Gfral and Ret positive excitatory neurons, representing the primary site of actionsignaling pathways likely represent important targets for future pharmacotherapies.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for energy production, and dysregulation of the mitochondrial network is associated with many disease states. check details To fully characterize the mitochondrial network's structure and function, a three-dimensional whole cell mapping technique is required.

This review highlights the use of soft X-ray tomography (SXT) as a relatively high-throughput approach to quantify mitochondrial structure and function under multiple cellular conditions.

The use of SXT opens the door for mapping cellular rearrangements during critical processes such as insulin secretion, stem cell differentiation, or disease progression. SXT provides unique information such as biochemical compositions or molecular densities of organelles and allows for unbiased, label-free imaging of intact whole cells. Mapping mitochondria in the context of the near-native cellular environment will reveal more information regarding mitochondrial network functions within the cell.

The use of SXT opens the door for mapping cellular rearrangements during critical processes such as insulin secretion, stem cell differentiation, or disease progression. SXT provides unique information such as biochemical compositions or molecular densities of organelles and allows for unbiased, label-free imaging of intact whole cells. Mapping mitochondria in the context of the near-native cellular environment will reveal more information regarding mitochondrial network functions within the cell.The segmentation of coronary arteries in X-ray images is essential for image-based guiding procedures and the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, owing to the complex and thin structures of the coronary arteries, it is challenging to accurately segment arteries in X-ray images using only a single neural network model. Consequently, coronary artery images obtained by segmentation with a single model are often fragmented, with parts of the arteries missing. Sophisticated post-processing is then required to identify and reconnect the fragmented regions. In this paper, we propose a method to reconstruct the missing regions of coronary arteries using X-ray angiography images.

We apply an independent convolutional neural network model considering local details, as well as a local geometric prior, for reconnecting the disconnected fragments. We implemented and compared the proposed method with several convolutional neural networks with customized encoding backbones as baseline models.

When integrated with our method, existing models improved considerably in terms of similarity with ground truth, with a mean increase of 0.