Rhodesknapp9425
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants affecting the growth and reproduction of various plants. Analysis of the biological adaptation and tolerance mechanisms of the hyperaccumulator Erigeron annuus to Cd stress may help identify new plant species for phytoremediation and in optimizing the process. This study is to the first to analyze the molecular composition and diversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) secreted by roots using FT-ICR MS, and multiple physiological and biochemical indexes of E. annuus seedlings grown in solutions containing 0-200 Cd μmol L-1. The results showed that E. annuus had strong photosynthetic adaptation and protection ability under Cd stress. Cd was immobilized or compartmentalized by cell walls and vacuoles in the plant, thus alleviating Cd stress. Activation of anti-oxidation defense mechanisms also played an important role in alleviating or eliminating Cd toxicity in E. annuus. High Cd stress promoted production of a higher proportion of new molecules in DOM secreted by E. annuus roots compared to low Cd stress. DOM secreted by roots contributed to plant resistance to Cd-induced stress via producing more carbohydrates, aromatic structures and tannins. Results indicate the mechanisms underpinning the potential use of E. annuus as a phytoremediator in environments with moderate Cd pollution.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), diabetes and exposure to air pollution are thought to be important threat to human health, but no studies have explored the effects of ambient air pollutants on DR-TB when adjusting diabetes status so far.
We performed a study among 3759 newly diagnosed TB cases with drug-susceptibility testing results, diabetes status, and individual air pollution data in Shandong from 2015 to 2019. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) including three models (Model 1 without covariates, Model 2 adjusted by diabetes status only, Model 3 with all covariates) were applied.
Of 3759 TB patients enrolled, 716 (19.05%) were DR-TB, and 333 (8.86%) had diabetes. High exposure to O
was associated with an increased risk of RFP-resistance (Model 2 or 3 odds ratio (OR) = 1.008, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.002-1.014), ethambutol-resistance (Model 3 OR = 1.015, 95%CI 1.004-1.027) and any rifampicin+streptomycin resistance (Model 1,2,3 OR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.002-1.018) at 90 days. In contrast, NO
was associated with a reduced risk of DR-TB (Model 3 OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.981-0.999) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (Model 3 OR = 0.977, 95%CI 0.96-0.994) at 360 days. Additionally, SO
(Model 1, 2, 3 OR = 0.987, 95%CI 0.977-0.998) showed a protective effect on MDR-TB at 90 days. PM
(90 days, Model 2 OR = 0.991, 95%CI 0.983-0.999), PM
(360 days, Model 2 OR = 0.992, 95%CI 0.985-0.999) had protective effects on any RFP+SM resistance.
O
contributed to an elevated risk of TB resistance but PM
, PM
, SO
, NO
showed an inverse effect. Air pollutants may affect the development of drug resistance among TB cases by adjusting the status of diabetes.
O3 contributed to an elevated risk of TB resistance but PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 showed an inverse effect. Air pollutants may affect the development of drug resistance among TB cases by adjusting the status of diabetes.Heavy metals are widely distributed in the environment due to the natural processes and anthropogenic human activities. Their migration into no contaminated areas contributing towards pollution of the ecosystems e.g. soils, plants, water and air. It is recognized that heavy metals due to their toxicity, long persistence in nature can accumulate in the trophic chain and cause organism dysfunction. Although the popularity of herbal medicine is rapidly increasing all over the world heavy metal toxicity has a great impact and importance on herbal plants and consequently affects the quality of herbal raw materials, herbal extracts, the safety and marketability of drugs. Effective control of heavy metal content in herbal plants using in pharmaceutical and food industries has become indispensable. Therefore, this review describes various important factors such as ecological and environmental pollution, cultivation and harvest of herbal plants and manufacturing processes which effects on the quality of herbal plants and then on Chinese herbal medicines which influence human health. This review also proposes possible management strategies to recover environmental sustainability and medication safety. About 276 published studies (1988-2021) are reviewed in this paper.It is significant to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) threshold for the rice to ensure that the Cd concentration of rice grains meets the food safety standards. Chitosan oligosaccharide manufacturer In the present study, soil thresholds for Cd were derived using the method of species sensitivity distribution based on aging time, cultivars, and soil properties. Dataset from thirty-nine rice cultivars planted in different soils published in literature of five bibliographic databases were screened using designated search strings to explore their differences in Cd accumulation capacity in paddy soil. The empirical soil-plant transfer model was used to normalize the bioaccumulation data. Later, the soil Cd concentration for protecting 95% (HC5) of the cultivars was calculated using species sensitivity distribution curves fitted by the Burr III function. The soil Cd criteria derived from the added approach for risk assessment were proposed as continuous criteria based on the combination of soil pH and organic carbon in soil. Soil Cd criteria ranged from 0.34 to 1.18 mg/kg. The prediction model for HC5 was applied to field experimental data to validate its validity and applicability. The predicted Cd thresholds were less than the field experiment Cd thresholds. In conclusion, this study provided valuable and scientific bases for setting soil Cd criteria for paddy soils.The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rampant in the world and is a serious threat to global health. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in various environmental media, which speeds up the pace of the virus becoming a global biological pollutant. Because many engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are capable of inducing anti-microbial activity, ENMs provide excellent solutions to overcome the virus pandemic, for instance by application as protective coatings, biosensors, or nano-agents. To tackle some mechanistic issues related to the impact of ENMs on SARS-CoV-2, we investigated the molecular interactions between carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and a SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (i.e., a model molecule of frameshift stimulation element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome) using molecular mechanics simulations. The interaction affinity between the CNPs and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment increased in the order of fullerenes less then graphenes less then carbon nanotubes.
