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marina shoots. Z. japonica transplants exhibited photoacclimatory responses such as increased shoot height and chlorophyll content under the lower-light conditions, offsetting the reduced light availability so that no significant differences in transplant growth occurred between plots with and those without Z. marina shoots. As the growth of Z. japonica transplants decreased significantly in the subtidal zone, the interactive effects of environmental stresses associated with tidal inundation and reduced light availability may restrict penetration of the intertidal seagrass Z. japonica into the subtidal zone. The persistence of high photosynthetic performance after air exposure and a regular arrangement of the densely overlapped leaves atop wet sediments may be desiccation tolerance mechanisms for Z. japonica in the intertidal zone. Shallow CO2 vents are used to test ecological hypotheses about the effects of ocean acidification (OA). Here, we studied fish assemblages associated with Cymodocea nodosa meadows exposed to high pCO2/low pH conditions at a natural CO2 vent in the Mediterranean Sea. Using underwater visual census, we assessed fish community structure and biodiversity in a low pH site (close to the CO2 vent), a close control site and a far control site, hypothesising a decline in biodiversity and a homogenization of fish assemblages under OA conditions. Our findings revealed that fish diversity did not show a unique spatial pattern, or even significant relationships with pH, but correlated with seagrass leaf canopy. Among-site similarity was found in the abundance of juveniles, contrary to the expected impacts of OA on early life stages. However, pH seems an important driver in structuring fish assemblage in the low pH site, despite its high similarity with the close control site. This unexpected pattern may represent a combined response of fish mobility, enhanced food resources in the acidified site, and a 'recovery area' effect of the adjacent control site. In early 2020, Japan repatriated 566 nationals from China. Universal laboratory testing and 14-day monitoring of returnees detected 12 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection; initial screening results were negative for 5. Common outcomes were remaining asymptomatic (n = 4) and pneumonia (n = 6). Overall, screening performed poorly.To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Contamination was greater in intensive care units than general wards. Virus was widely distributed on floors, computer mice, trash cans, and sickbed handrails and was detected in air ≈4 m from patients.BACKGROUND Diarrhea and malnutrition are major health problems in developing countries. Inflammation, high oxidative stress, poor nutritional status and fatty liver were encountered during such diseases. Patents for diarrhea and malnutrition management (WO2007/130882A2, WO00/37106A1, WO2014/152420 and CA2987364A1) were published. HL 362 cAMP activator OBJECTIVE The objective was to introduce anti-diarrhea functional foods with preventive effect on malnutrition. METHODS Two processing techniques were applied for preparing functional foods (formula 1 ingredients were made into cookies followed by grinding; formula 2 ingredients were pre-cooked, dried and mixed in powder form) that evaluated in rat model of diarrhea with malnutrition (DM). Formula 2 was also assessed when mixed with nucleotides. The ingredients were edible plants possess anti-diarrheal effect with high protein sources (legumes and casein). RESULTS Induction of diarrhea with malnutrition, high oxidative stress, inflammation, accumulation of liver fat and histopathological changes were demonstrated in DM control compared to normal control. The functional foods produced variable improvement in growth curves, food efficiency ratio, hemoglobin, hematocrit and plasma zinc, protein, albumin, globulin, lipase activity and MDA. Formula 1 showed superior in improving intestinal histopathology while formula 2 was more efficient in elevating plasma iron. Formula 2 with nucleotides was the best in improving growth curves, alkaline phosphatase and reducing liver fat. Intestinal mucosa reduced glutathione and nitrite showed efficient significant reduction on treatment with formula 2 with or without nucleotides. The formulas showed anti-diarrheal effect through improving feces weight and moisture content. CONCLUSION Studied functional foods showed anti-diarrheal effect and malnutrition improvement with different degrees. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.AIMS Arsenic has carcinogenic property. Reason behind this is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). ROS damages different macromolecules, tissues and organs, and severely exhausts cellular antioxidants. BACKGROUND Cytosolic and mitochondrial contribution of ROS production by arsenic is not well reported. In regard to the issues of therapy against arsenic or any other toxicity, natural product has gained its popularity due to its less side-effects and non-invasive nature. OBJECTIVES Here, as an ethno-medicine the flesh-extract (BBE; 100mg/100g bw) of Bellamya bengalensis (an aquatic mollusk, pila) was applied in arsenic intoxicated (0.6 ppm/100g bw/for 28 days alone or in combination with BBE) experimental rats. Our objective was to study the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic role of BBE in hepatogastrointestinal tissue damage by arsenic. METHODS DNA fragmentation assay, catalase activity (gel-zymogram assay) suggests that BBE has a strong protective role against arsenic toxicity which is decisively demonstrated in hepatic histoarchitechture study by HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining and by intestinal PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) staining. RESULTS Measurement of mitochondrial-membrane-potential by fluroscent microcopy clearly demonstrated less membrane damage and lower release of redox-active inner-membrane product (cytochrome-C, ubiquinone etc.) in BBE supplemented group compared to that of only arsenic fed group. Present study clearly suggests that mitochondrial disintegrity is one of the major causes of ROS mediated tissue damage by arsenic. CONCLUSIONS This study also offers an option for prevention/treatment against arsenic toxicity and its carcinogenicity by widely available low-cost noninvasive bellamya extract by protecting cytoskeleton, DNA and mitochondria in the cell. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.