Holcombbjerrum1304

Due to the renewed increase in CO2 emissions seen in recent years, the deployment of climate engineering technologies might become necessary if the global temperature increase is to be kept within 1.5 °C. If climate engineering is to be deployed, however, public support is required. The present study hence compared public support for a broad range of climate engineering technologies. Further, the factors that drive public support were investigated and compared across the technologies. In an online survey conducted in Switzerland, respondents (n = 1,575) were randomly allocated to the description of 1 of 10 climate engineering technologies, of which 7 were specific carbon dioxide removal measures and 3 were solar radiation management measures. The results show that the level of public support for afforestation was the highest. The levels of public support for the other climate engineering technologies were relatively similar, although a tendency for solar radiation management to have a lower level of support was identified. Across all the investigated climate engineering technologies, the perceived benefits were an important driver of public support. Additionally, for all the technologies but afforestation, a higher level of trust in industry/science/government increased the level of public support, whereas the factor perceived risks and tampering with nature was found to be a negative predictor of support. The present findings suggest that there are opportunities available for the deployment of several climate engineering technologies in combination with other mitigation measures. Communicating the benefits of such technologies might be an effective strategy in terms of fostering increased support. © 2020 Society for Risk Analysis.PURPOSE To investigate the use of 3D EPI for rapid T1 -weighted brain imaging, focusing on the RF pulse's influence on the contrast between gray and white matter. METHODS An interleaved 3D EPI sequence use partial Fourier and CAIPIRINHA sampling was used to acquire T1 -weighted brain volumes with isotropic resolution, low echo times, and low geometric distortions. Five different RF pulses were evaluated in terms of fat suppression performance and gray-white matter contrast. Two binomial RF pulses were compared to a single rectangular (WE-rect) RF pulse exciting only water, and two new RF pulses developed in this work, where one was an extension of the WE-rect, and the other was an SLR pulse. The technique was demonstrated in three clinical cases, where brain tumor patients were imaged before and after gadolinium administration. RESULTS A fat-suppressed 3D EPI sequence with a phase encoding bandwidth of around 100 Hz was found to exhibit a good trade-off between geometrical distortions and scan duration. Whole-brain T1 -weighted 3D EPI images with 1.2 mm isotropic voxel size could be acquired in 24 seconds. The WE-rect, its extension, and the SLR RF pulses resulted in reduced magnetization transfer effects and provided a 20% mean increase in gray-white matter contrast. CONCLUSION Using a high phase encoding bandwidth and RF pulses that reduce magnetization transfer effects, a fat-suppressed multi-shot 3D EPI sequence can be used to rapidly acquire isotropic T1 -weighted volumes. © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.BACKGROUND To facilitate the early detection of chronic diseases, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of anti-gastric parietal cell antibody (PCA)-positive population, revealed the early characteristics of the population. METHODS According to the retrospective analysis, current situation investigation and comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics and medical history of the subjects, the comparison between the groups was performed. RESULT (a) The positive rate of PCA detection in department of gastroenterology in our hospital was 35.80%. Tanshinone I molecular weight Among the individuals who underwent PCA, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and pathological examination at the same time, 33.59% of the patients with PCA positive were diagnosed as atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy, which was much higher than 9.09% of the patients with PCA negative. (b) The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux, hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebral ischemia in PCA-positive population were 65.45%, 81.63%, 15.43%, and 31.61%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group. (c) The incidence rates of decreased red blood cells (RBC) and increased homocysteine (HCY) in laboratory-related tests were 38.30% and 69.15%, respectively, which were much higher than those in control group. CONCLUSION PCA has predictive value for a variety of chronic diseases and timely detection is of great significance. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Elevated exposure to manganese (Mn) could induce cardiovascular dysfunction. However, limited research is available on the effects of occupational Mn exposure on myocardial enzymes. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between Mn exposure and myocardial enzyme elevation among Mn-exposed workers. METHODS Data were from a follow-up investigation of a Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort in 2017. A total of 744 workers were divided into low-exposure and high-exposure groups according to Mn time-weighted average (Mn-TWA) of less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m3 or greater than 0.15 mg/m3 , respectively. Serum levels of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate transaminase, were assessed, as well as airborne Mn exposure levels. RESULTS After adjustment for sex, body mass index, seniority, education, current smoking status, current drinking status, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels were positively associated with the risk of CK elevation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.83) per interquartile range [IQR] increase), and risk of CK-MB elevation [OR = 1.57 (95% CI 1.03-2.38) per IQR increase]. In a stratified analysis, Mn-TWA levels were positively correlated with CK elevation in workers of seniority greater than 19 years, male workers, current smokers, and drinkers. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that occupational exposure to Mn is associated with increased risk of CK and CK-MB elevation. The potential mechanisms of the associations between airborne exposure to Mn and increased risk of these myocardial enzyme elevations warrant further investigation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.