Delaneywelch9904

2% (95% CI, 10.9%-11.6%) had at least one of these; 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.9%) had anal sex; and 62.8% (95% CI, 62.2%-63.3%) had condomless sex. More than 6% were uncomfortable with each question, but more (17.2%; 95% CI, 16.8%-17.7%) were uncomfortable with anal sex. Key reasons for discomfort were questions being too personal and unclear safety benefit.

Most donors are comfortable answering alternative questions (except very personal ones) but question the benefit. Implementing alternative questions would result in substantive deferrals. Other policies such as using an MSM capture question to ask additional questions only to MSM should be considered.

Most donors are comfortable answering alternative questions (except very personal ones) but question the benefit. PR-957 Implementing alternative questions would result in substantive deferrals. Other policies such as using an MSM capture question to ask additional questions only to MSM should be considered.

Pathogen reduction technology and enhanced bacterial culture screening promise to significantly reduce the risk of transfusion-associated septic reactions due to contaminated platelets. Recent reports suggest that these interventions lack efficacy for post-collection and processing contamination with environmental organisms if the storage bag integrity is compromised.

We report a fatal septic transfusion reaction in a 63-year-old patient with chronic kidney and liver disease who received a pathogen reduced platelet transfusion in anticipation of surgery.

The residual platelet concentrate was cultured, with the detected microorganisms undergoing 16S genotype sequencing. Separate pathogen reduction studies were performed on the recovered bacteria, including assessment for amotosalen photoproducts. The storage container was subjected to pressure testing and microscopic examination. Environmental culture screening was performed at the hospital.

Gram negative rods were detected in the platelet unit and culnon-visible, acquired storage container leak. Efforts are warranted to actively prevent damage to, and detect defects in, platelet storage containers, and to store and transport components in clean environments.Floral pigmentation patterning is important for pollinator attraction as well as aesthetic appeal. Patterning of anthocyanin accumulation is frequently associated with variation in activity of the Myb, bHLH and WDR transcription factor complex (MBW) that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. Investigation of two classic mutants in Antirrhinum majus, mutabilis and incolorata I, showed they affect a gene encoding a bHLH protein belonging to subclade bHLH-2. The previously characterised gene, Delila, which encodes a bHLH-1 protein, has a bicoloured mutant phenotype, with residual lobe-specific pigmentation conferred by Incolorata I. Both Incolorata I and Delila induce expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene DFR. Rosea 1 (Myb) and WDR1 proteins compete for interaction with Delila, but interact positively to promote Incolorata I activity. Delila positively regulates Incolorata I and WDR1 expression. Hierarchical regulation can explain the bicoloured patterning of delila mutants, through effects on both regulatory gene expression and the activity of promoters of biosynthetic genes like DFR that mediate MBW regulation. bHLH-1 and bHLH-2 proteins contribute to establishing patterns of pigment distribution in A. majus flowers in two ways through functional redundancy in regulating anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression, and through differences between the proteins in their ability to regulate genes encoding transcription factors.The charging of the polymer thin film irradiated by penetrating electron beam (e-beam) is investigated, in parallel with the numerical simulation and experiment. The simulation is performed by combining scattering, drift, diffusion, trapping and recombination. Results show that, due to the electron emission the net charge near the surface is distribution positively, but negatively inside the film because of low electron mobility. The surface potential is positive near surface and accordingly forces some of secondary electrons to return surface. As irradiation proceeds, currents flowing into and out of the film can tend to equilibrium. In the equilibrium state, with increasing beam energy, the surface potential and the efficient emission current decrease, and the electron beam-induced current and the transmission current tend to zero and the beam current valuable, respectively. E-beams of 10-30 keV cause positive charging on PMMA film of 2 µm, which means the high-energy e-beam can effectively discharge a thin film that has been charged negatively by irradiation with low-energy e-beam. With the increase of the film thickness from 1 to 3 µm, the positive surface potential and the emission current decreases and increases, respectively, and the transmission current tends to zero.The genes required for host-specific pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum can be acquired through horizontal chromosome transfer (HCT). However, it is unknown if HCT commonly contributes to the diversification of pathotypes. Using comparative genomics and pathogenicity phenotyping, we explored the role of HCT in the evolution of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, the cause of Fusarium wilt of strawberry, with isolates from four continents. We observed two distinct syndromes one included chlorosis ('yellows-fragariae') and the other did not ('wilt-fragariae'). All yellows-fragariae isolates carried a predicted pathogenicity chromosome, 'chrY-frag ', that was horizontally transferred at least four times. chrY-frag was associated with virulence on specific cultivars and encoded predicted effectors that were highly upregulated during infection. chrY-frag was not present in wilt-fragariae; isolates causing this syndrome evolved pathogenicity independently. All origins of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae occurred outside of the host's native range. Our data support the conclusion that HCT is widespread in F. oxysporum, but pathogenicity can also evolve independently. The absence of chrY-frag in wilt-fragariae suggests that multiple, distinct pathogenicity chromosomes can confer the same host specificity. The wild progenitors of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) did not co-evolve with this pathogen, yet we discovered several sources of genetic resistance.