Lunastanton8980

Acute kidney injury (AKI) constitutes a serious public health problem because of its very high cost and mortality rate, with an increasing incidence, phenomenon which is explained by the increasingly number of older patients suffering from several comorbidities admitted in the intensive care units. Despite the new AKI definition and classification, the use of novel AKI biomarkers and modern technologies, as an attempt to achieve an early AKI detection and treatment, and consequently to better clinical outcomes, AKI mortality particularly in ICU patients remains persistently high. In the present article, the currently accepted concepts regarding dose and time of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis prescription in AKI patients have been reviewed.The discovery of new drugs and dosage forms for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, such as human and animal leishmaniasis, is gaining interest in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. Many pharmaceutical companies are exploring the use of old drugs to establishing new drug dosage forms and drug delivery systems, in particular for use in neglected diseases. The formation of complexes with cyclodextrins is widely used to improve the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of pharmaceutical drugs, as well as reduce both the toxicity and side effects of many of these drugs. The aim of this study was to characterize solid compounds obtained from the association between furazolidone (FZD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The solid compounds were prepared in molar ratios of 11 and 12 (drugCD) by kneading and lyophilization. Molecular docking was used to predict the preferred relative orientation of FZD when bound in both studied cyclodextrins.n of an inclusion complex was confirmed only for the solid compound obtained from HP-β-CD prepared by lyophilization (LHFZD12). The absence of cytotoxicity on the THP-1 macrophage lineages and the leishmanicidal activity were confirmed for all compounds. MHFZD12 and LHFZD12 were found to be very active against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis, while all others were considered only active. These results are in line with the literature, demonstrating the existence of biological activity for associations between drugs and CDs in the form of complexes and non-complexes. All solid compounds obtained were found to be promising for use as leishmanicidal agents against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis.In this study, the development and the performance of a new targeted liquid crystalline nanodispersion (LCN) by the attachment of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) onto their surfaces to improve skin delivery of lipoic acid (LA) were evaluated. For that, the synthesis and characterization of this new platform as well as its spatiotemporal analysis from in vitro and in vivo topical application were explored and extensively discussed in this paper. The TAT or D4 peptides were chosen as CPP due to specific target strategies by the charge grouping on the skin surface or target the overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of cell membrane of keratinocytes, respectively. Thus, the nanoparticle characterization results when taken together suggested that designed LCNs maintained their hexagonal phase structure, nanoscale particle size, and low polydispersity index even after drug, lipopolymers, and peptide additions, which are proved to be favorable for topical skin delivery. There were no statistical differences among the LCNs investigated, except for superficial charge of LCN conjugated with TAT which may have altered the LCN zeta potential due to cationic charge of TAT amino acid sequence compared with D4. The cumulative amounts of LA retained into the skin were determined to be even higher coming from the targeted LCNs. Moreover, the exogenous antioxidant application of the LA from the LCNs can prevent ROS damage, which was demonstrated by this study with the less myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and decrease in cytokine levels (TNF-alpha and IL-1β) generated by the oxidative stress modulation. Together, the data presented highlights the potential of these targeted LCNs, and overall, opens new frontiers for preclinical trials.Background Medication dispensing is a core function of community pharmacies, and errors that occur during the dispensing process are a major concern for pharmacy profession. However, to date there has been no national study of medication dispensing errors in Jordan. Objective The study aimed to investigate the incidence, nature, severity, causes and predictors of medication dispensing errors. Setting The study was conducted in randomly selected community pharmacies across Jordan. Method A mixed method approach was taken, incorporating prospective disguised observation of dispensing errors and interviews with pharmacists regarding the causes of errors. A multidisciplinary committee evaluated the severity of errors. Proportionate random sampling was used to include 350 pharmacies from across all regions of Jordan. SPSS (Version 24) was used for data analysis. Main outcome measure Incidence, nature, severity, causes and predictors of medication dispensing errors. Results The overall rate of medication dispensing as a reference to launch training programmes on safe medication dispensing and independent prescribing for pharmacists.Background The concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and diuretics, known as a "triple-whammy," is related to the occurrence of acute kidney injury. However, there are few reports regarding the prescription pattern of the triple-whammy. Objective To elucidate the patterns of the triple-whammy prescription in Japan. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using a health-insurance-claims database that included Japanese people under 75 years of age, and enrolled outpatients that were prescribed any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and diuretics between April 2017 and June 2017. As an outcome, the proportion of triple-whammy prescriptions was evaluated. Among the patients who received triple-whammy prescriptions, we evaluated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the proportion of prescriptions provided for these three drugs from different clinical departments and institutions. selleck chemicals Results Overall, 730 of 246,721 (0.