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Root changes can be expected even if the pulp vitality is not restored.The purpose of this prospective case series was to report the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), in traumatized immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. Six immature necrotic permanent maxillary central incisors from six patients were treated with REP supplemented with PRF. Patients were recalled at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Radiographic changes in the radiographic root area (RRA), apical diameter, root thickness, and root length were quantified. find more Clinically, tooth survival in terms of tooth retention in the arch and absence of any sign and symptoms of endodontic pathology were noted. All the teeth survived and met the clinical criteria for success throughout the follow-up period. Follow-up radiographs at 5 years revealed complete resolution of the periapical lesions in all patients and the average apical diameter decrease was 30.96%. An average increase of 13.18% for root length, 40.20% for root thickness, and 26.35% for RRA were noted.

In dentistry, base metal casting alloys are extensively used for the fabrication of inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges, partial dentures, etc. During the casting of these alloys, excess amount of material used than needed will be collected as sprue buttons at the end, which is either added to the fresh alloy during casting and reused or disposed of.

The aim of the present

experimental study was to investigate the effect of the complete recasting of four commercially available cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) base metal casting alloys on their cytotoxicity. During the study, four groups of alloys were subjected to complete recasting up to twenty times without the addition of new alloy. The cytotoxicity assessment of the selected alloys after recasting (Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys) was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

The results indicated that Co-Cr alloys exhibit superior cell viability compared to Ni-Cr alloys, and cytotoxic potential of the alloys increased with repeated casting and led to increased cell death. The recasting of alloys in the present study did not show high cytotoxicity even after the 20

recasting.

From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the alloys generated as a waste in the dental laboratory can be safely reused up to five times or at least once before they can be disposed, which reduces the cost of the treatment and also helps in conserving the natural resources.

From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the alloys generated as a waste in the dental laboratory can be safely reused up to five times or at least once before they can be disposed, which reduces the cost of the treatment and also helps in conserving the natural resources.

The effect of solvent and sealer type (BioRoot RCS [BRRCS], mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] Fillapex, and AH26) on the root canal residues was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Distal root canals of 60 mandibular molars prepared up to ProTaper-F4 were filled using one of the sealers labeled with 0.1% rhodamine-B (

= 20 per sealer). Samples were divided into two according to reprocessing methods as follows ProTaper Universal Reprocessing System (PTUR) or solvent plus PTUR. Samples were sectioned at 2-5 and 8 mm from the apex and the samples were observed under CLSM. Penetration depth, percent penetration depth, and percent penetration into canal walls were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures of the two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni

test at

= 0.05.

The highest penetration depth was measured in BRRCS in all root canal thirds with or without chloroform addition. Percentage of penetration depth values of MTA Fillapex and BRRCS was statistically similar and higher than AH26 in all sections, except the apical section re-treated with the addition of chloroform.

None of the sealers were completely removed. The type of sealant and the use of chloroform changed the amount of sealant remaining in the root canal system.

None of the sealers were completely removed. The type of sealant and the use of chloroform changed the amount of sealant remaining in the root canal system.

The cariostatic action associated with fluoride-releasing restorative materials is mainly attributed to a sustained release of fluoride. This research aims on comparing Cention N and Zirconomer Improved

fluoride release and re-release.

Test materials were grouped into two categories containing 15 samples each. The cumulative fluoride release and re-release measurements was made during 1st, 7th and 15th day. The independent sample

-test and paired

-test was used to check mean differences. The level of significance was kept at p<0.05.

At day 1, 7 and 15 the initial fluoride release of zirconomer group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the cention group. It was found that from day 1 to day 7 the mean initial fluoride release has significantly reduced (p<0.05) for both the groups. Similar results were also seen when comparisons were done between day 7 to day 15 (p<0.05) and day 1 to day 15 (p<0.05) for both the groups.

Zirconomer was more efficient in initial and fluoride re-release than the Cention N restorative material. Further

studies with more parameters are recommended to evaluate fluoride release and cariostatic performance of Cention N and Zirconomer in real environmental circumstances.

Zirconomer was more efficient in initial and fluoride re-release than the Cention N restorative material. Further in vivo studies with more parameters are recommended to evaluate fluoride release and cariostatic performance of Cention N and Zirconomer in real environmental circumstances.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of a nanohybrid composite resin after exposure to tea, coffee, Coca-cola, and artificial saliva on the 7

, 14

, and 28

day.

Forty specimens of nanohybrid composite resin discs of dimension 6 mm × 2 mm were fabricated and were randomly divided into four equal groups based on beverages (Group 1 control group - artificial saliva, Group 2 Tea, Group 3 Coffee, and Group 4 Coca-cola). Baseline readings of surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE) were obtained by profilometer and digital image analysis technique in CIE l*a*b scale followed by the readings (ΔE) taken on the 7

, 14

, and 28

day of exposure to respective beverages.

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by

Tukey's test and paired

-test along with Pearson's correlation with a

= 0.05.

Overall, highest surface roughness was obtained in the samples exposed to Coca-cola followed by coffee and tea while the least surface roughness was obtained in the samples exposed to artificial saliva (control group) which was statistically significant (

< 0.