Astrupaaen7779

In current research work, chitosan (Chi) was subjected to subsequent physical and chemical modifications by incorporating kaolin clay (KA) into its polymeric structure, and crosslinking process with a covalent cross-linker namely epichlorohydrin (ECH) respectively. The final product of crosslinked chitosan-epichlorohydrin/kaolin (Chi-ECH/KA) composite was successfully applied for color removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of textile dye namely reactive blue 19 dye (RB19) from aqueous environment. The influence of pertinent parameters, i.e. A Chi-ECH/KA dose (0.02-0.1 g), B pH (4-10), and C time (5-30 min) on the RB19 color removal and COD reduction were statistically optimized by using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD). The experimental data of the adsorption kinetic and the adsorption isotherm demonstrated a better fitness to pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm model respectively. Excellent absorption ability of 560.9 mg/g was recorded for Chi-ECH/KA composite. The calculated thermodynamic functions clarified that the RB19 adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The mechanism of RB19 adsorption onto the Chi-ECH/KA may include electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, Yoshida H-bonding, and n-π interactions. This study introduces Chi-ECH/KA composite as an eco-friendly, potential and multi-function composite bio adsorbent for removal of textile dye and COD reduction from aqueous environment.The MYB proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors in plant genomes and play significant roles in primary and secondary metabolism. Although several CsMYB genes have been identified in Camellia sinensis, few CsMYBs involved in l-theanine biosynthesis have been analyzed. In this study, we screened and identified 20 CsMYBs related to l-theanine biosynthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression profiles of the CsMYBs were positively or negatively related to dynamic changes in the l-theanine content. Validation of selected l-theanine biosynthetic and CsMYB genes was conducted by qRT-PCR. The results illustrated that most of the structural and CsMYB genes were downregulated with a decrease in the l-theanine levels. Protein-protein interaction networks of CsMYB5, CsMYB12 and CsMYB94 proteins demonstrated that they might form complexes with bHLH and WD 40 proteins. Multiple DNA-binding sites of the R2R3-MYB protein were observed in promoter regions of structural genes, indicating CsMYB family proteins might be involved in l-theanine metabolism via the attachment of AC elements. Moreover, CsMYB73 demonstrated binding specificity to the promoter region of CsGDH2 (CsGDH2-pro). These findings provide fundamental understanding of specific members of the CsMYBs related to the l-theanine biosynthesis pathway.The present study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of artesunate (a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin) on HSP70 and Bcl-2 expression in two breast cancer cell lines, 4T1 and MCF-7. In addition, to determine in vitro inhibitory effect of artesunate against the ATPase activity of purified recombinant HSP70, it was tested in a carbonic anhydrase refolding assay with purified HSP70. Our results demonstrated that the artesunate not only induced apoptosis but also lead to the inhibition of HSP70 ATPase activity the in vitro (P less then 0.001). The extent of HSP70 refolding inhibition increased with increasing μM concentrations of artesunate. Incubation of HSP70 with 50 μM artesunate showed significant inhibition of refolding activity by 38%. The IC50 values of artesunate for 4T1 cells, were lower than MCF-7 cells, indicating the higher sensitivity of the triple-negative phenotype. Furthermore, artesunate significantly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and HSP70 while enhancing the expression of cleaved caspase-9 in MCF-7 and 4T1 cells. It also induced caspase-9 activity at 18 h in a dose-dependent manner in two breast cancer cell lines. Generally, our results show that the artesunate induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through the inhibition of HSP70 expression.The nitrogen (N) influences the growth of sweet potato. However, it is unclear whether the different levels of N can affect starch physicochemical properties. In this study, 9 different colored-fleshed sweet potato varieties were planted in the same field with additional N fertilizer treatment of 0, 15 and 30 kg/ha. The physicochemical properties of starches from root tubers were measured. With increasing N level, the amylose content decreased in yellow-fleshed variety Sushu 16 and increased in white-fleshed variety Sushu 29 and purple-fleshed varieties Ningzishu 1 and 4, but did not significantly change in other varieties. The starch size decreased in purple-fleshed variety Ningzishu 1 and white-fleshed varieties Sushu 28 and Sushu 29 with increasing N treatment, but first increased then decreased in yellow-fleshed variety Sushu 16 and first decreased then increased in white-fleshed variety Sushu 24 and yellow-fleshed variety Sushu 25. The different levels of N treatment had no influence on protein content, crystalline structure, and gelatinization enthalpy of starch. The effects of N treatment on gelatinization temperatures and pasting viscosities of starches were determined by varieties and genotype backgrounds of sweet potato. The PLSR and PLS-DA were also carried out based on structural, thermal, and pasting parameters of starches.Hepcidin deficiency leads to iron overload by increased dietary iron uptake and iron release from storage cells. The most frequent mutation in Hfe leads to reduced hepcidin expression and thereby causes iron overload. Recent findings suggested that HFE activates hepcidin expression predominantly via the BMP type I receptor ALK3. Here, we investigated whether HFE exclusively utilizes ALK3 or other signaling mechanisms also. We generated mice with double deficiency of Hfe and hepatocyte-specific Alk3 and compared the iron overload phenotypes of these double knockout mice to single hepatocyte-specific Alk3 deficient or Hfe knockout mice. Double Hfe-/-/hepatic Alk3fl/fl;Alb-Cre knockouts develop a similar iron overload phenotype compared to single hepatocyte-specific Alk3 deficient mice hallmarked by serum iron levels, tissue iron content and hepcidin levels of similar grades. JNJ7706621 HFE protein levels were increased in Alk3fl/fl;Alb-Cre mice compared to Alk3fl/fl mice, which was caused by iron overload - and not by Alk3 deficiency.