Mcmillanhouse6870

Gastrointestinal illness-related (GITill) medical encounters during distance running range from mild to debilitating. The objective is to identify factors that may predict GITill among 21.1km and 56km race starters.

This is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected prospectively over 8 years at the Two Oceans 56km and 21.1km races with 153 208 race starters. GITill encounters requiring medical attention on race day were recorded by medical staff. Risk factors associated with GITill explored in univariate models included race distance (21.1km; 56km), sex, age group, running experience, running speed, and environmental factors (wet-bulb temperature, wind speed and humidity). Incidence (per 100 000 race starters; 95%CI) and incidence ratios (IR) (with 95% CI) are reported.

The incidence of GITill encounters was 60 (95%CI50-80) (1/1667 race starters). A longer race distance (56km vs. selleck 21.1km) was the strongest predictor of GITill (IR=4.3; 95%CI2.7-6.7) (p<0.0001). Among the 56km race starters, slower rtion and establish prevention strategies to reduce GITill in runners.

Freestyle skiers must optimize their aerial performance by maintaining the strength and coordination to propel themselves in the air and adapt to landings and take-offs on uneven surfaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition in freestyle skiers and nonfreestyle skiing controls.

We hypothesized that the unique demands and summation of forces experienced by freestyle athletes would manifest as greater femoral neck aBMD, lower percent body fat, and lower BMI than nonfreestyle skiing controls.

Level 3, Retrospective Cohort Study.

18 freestyle skiers (14M 4F, [27.56 ± 5.22 years]) and 15 controls (7M 8F, [26.93 ± 3.54 years]) were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine total body composition, hip and lumbar spine aBMD, and bone mineral composition (BMC). Height and weight were measured with an in-office stadiometer and scale. Questionnaires were used to determine physical activity and pertinent medi rates. This study serves to broaden the current sports health literature and explore the physical demands and subsequent physiology of freestyle skiers.

The study aimed at exploring whether muscle membrane disruption, as a surrogate for muscle damage, and inflammation recovery following a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) was related with race performance and post-race physical activity.

Blood samples were obtained from thirty-four athletes (29 men and 5 women) before a 118-km MUM, immediately after and three and seven days post-race. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between faster (FR) and slower (SR) runners. Physical activity performed during the week following the MUM was objectively analyzed using accelerometers and compared between FR and SR.

CK was significantly higher in FR at 3 days post-race (p<0.012, d=1.17) and LDH was significantly higher in FR at 3 and 7 days post-race (p=0.005, d=1.01; p<0.015, d=1.05 respectively), as compared to SR. No significant differences were identified in post-race physical activity levels between FR and SR. Significant relationships were found between race time and CK and LDH concentrations at 3 days post-race (rs=-0.41, p=0.017; rs=-0.52, p=0.002 respectively) and 7 days post-race (rs=-0.36, p=0.039; rs=-0.46. p=0.007 respectively). However, post-race physical activity was not associated with muscle damage and inflammation recovery, except for light intensity and CRP at 3 days post-race (rs=-0.40, p=0.025).

Race time appeared to have a higher influence on muscle damage recovery than the intensity of physical activities performed in the week after running a MUM. Inflammatory activity takes longer to normalize than muscle damage following a MUM, it is not related with race time and lightly related with post-race physical activity.

Race time appeared to have a higher influence on muscle damage recovery than the intensity of physical activities performed in the week after running a MUM. Inflammatory activity takes longer to normalize than muscle damage following a MUM, it is not related with race time and lightly related with post-race physical activity.

Rapid knee valgus and knee internal rotation motions in the initial phase of landing are the known mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injury, and many studies have been investigated on knee joint peak angle during landing. However, the variability in joint movement during landing has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to compare the coefficient of variation of lower extremity range of motion in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy subjects during landing.

In this cross-sectional study, 54 patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 44 healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent six trials of single-leg hop landing for maximum safe horizontal distance. The kinematic variables were the coefficient of variation during two discrete (0.05 after initial contact and maximum knee flexion) time points for selected three-dimensional hip and knee joint range of motion. Comparisons were performed between the two groups.

Compared with healthy subjects, patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had greater the coefficient of variation in hip internal/external rotation range of motion (patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had 41.9%, healthy subjects had 25.5%; P=0.0018; effect size 0.32) and knee internal/external rotation range of motion (patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had 68.4%; healthy subjects had 48.1%; P=0.0014; effect size 0.32) for periods that spanned 0.05 s from the initial contact.

Patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction could be disadvantageous in ability to control and adapt hip and knee joint rotations when controlling landings.

Patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction could be disadvantageous in ability to control and adapt hip and knee joint rotations when controlling landings.