Danielsensaunders2724

3rd) influence cortical responding during an NLE task.

Apatinib showed efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted this phase II clinical study to assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy in non-squamous NSCLC (Clinical Trial Registration ChiCTR1800015920).

Patients received oral apatinib (250 mg/d) with intravenous pemetrexed (500 mg/m

)-platinum (carboplatin AUC = 5 or cisplatin 75 mg/m

) chemotherapy every 21 days for 6 treatment cycles, and then maintained with apatinib 250 mg/d until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints included the progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and safety.

Twenty advanced and chemo-naive non-squamous NSCLC patients were enrolled and evaluated. The ORR and DCR was 80% and 100%, respectively. The median PFS (mPFS) and median OS (mOS) for total patients was 7.7 (95%CI 3.1-12.3) and 20.1 (95%CI not available, NA) months. In the TKI-pretreated and treatment-naive subgroup, the ORR was 90% vs.70%, and the mPFS was 8.9 (95%CI 5.5-12.3) vs.5.7 (95%CI 0.1-11.3) months, respectively (P = 0.433). The mPFS in the responders without central nervous system (CNS) metastasis at baseline was 10.0 (95%CI 6.1-13.9) months, and it was 3.8 (95%CI 0.9-6.7) months in those with presence of CNS metastasis at baseline (P =  0.041, HR = 0.283, 95%CI 0.084-0.948). Toxicities mainly included grade I-II hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, proteinuria and myelosuppression.

Apatinib in combination with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy showed good efficacy and tolerable toxicity in advanced non-squamous NSCLC, especially for those who failed to prior TKI targeted therapies.

Apatinib in combination with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy showed good efficacy and tolerable toxicity in advanced non-squamous NSCLC, especially for those who failed to prior TKI targeted therapies.1) BACKGROUND Phycocyanin (PC) is a type of natural protein in algae with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effect of PC on hepatic damage induced by X-ray remains unknown. 2) METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were gavaged with 200mg/kg PC for consecutive 7 days before or after radiation. The blood samples and tissues were collected on days 1 and 7 after radiation exposure. 3) RESULTS Pretreatment or treatment with PC decreased significantly the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the plasma. Histological evaluation further confirmed the protection of PC against radiation-induced hepatotoxicity. PC-treatment also increased the relative mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH-PX), and descended the ROS in the liver. Moreover, the expression of H2AX, an indicator of DNA damage in mice, of the PC-intervention group was much smaller than that of the radiation group. In vivo, PC-treatment markedly up-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) expression and downstream gene such as hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), NQO1. 4) Conclusion PC could attenuate the radiation-induced oxidative stress damage by activating Nrf2/ HO-1 signaling pathway, and reduce the radiation-induced DNA damage. Therefore, PC is a protective agent against radiation-induced liver damage.Cratoxylum formosum Dyer is a medicinal plant widely found in Asia and commonly consumed for food and folk medicine. It is rich in phenolic compounds. The present study utilized water crude extract of C. formosum leaves to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by green synthesis. The synthesized ZnO NPs with the average electronic band gap ∼3  eV were obtained and found to either have spherical shape or sheet-like structures depending on synthesis process and concentration of crude extract. Higher concentration of C. formosum extract also eliminates impurity of Zn(OH)2 during the synthesis. Results from an agar disk diffusion assay demonstrated that all synthesized ZnO samples inhibited growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. Furthermore, all synthesized ZnO demonstrated potent anti-cancer activity against non-melanoma skin cancer cells (A431) and the intermediary of cancerous keratinocytes (HaCaT) without affecting normal cell lines (Vero). In addition, we observed that the ZnO nanosheet offered stronger cytotoxicity effects against A431 than spherical shaped ZnO particles. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data revealed that synthesized ZnO nanosheets altered the number of genes in pathways involved in cancer and MAPK signaling pathways in A431 cells. Several isoforms of metallothionein transcripts were upregulated including transcripts involved in inflammatory responses whereas transcripts promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis were downregulated. Therefore, these studies firstly reported potential usage of the green-synthesized ZnO nanosheets from C. formosum extract for development of antibacterial substances or anticancer drugs.The fungal infections are relatively common in humans that can range from common, mild superficial infections to life-threatening invasive infections. Most of the pathogenic fungi are opportunistic that cause disease under immunocompromised conditions such as HIV infection, cancer, chemotherapy, transplantation and immune suppressive drug users. Efficient detection and treatment of high-risk population remain the highest priority to avert most of the deaths. Majority of invasive infections are caused by Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus species. Inhibitor Library nmr Lack of effective vaccines, standardised diagnostic tools, efficient antifungal drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant species/strains pose a global threat to control Invasive fungal infections (IFI). A better understanding of the host immune response is one of the major approaches to developing new or improved antifungal strategies to control the IFIs. In this review, we have discussed pathogenesis of medically important fungi, fungal interaction with the host through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells in shaping host immunity to IFI.