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For future progress to result in clinical translation, the field will likely require multi-institutional collaboration in producing prospectively populated and expertly labeled imaging libraries.Magnetite nanocrystal clusters are being investigated for their potential applications in catalysis, magnetic separation, and drug delivery. Controlling their size and size distribution is of paramount importance and often requires tedious trial-and-error experimentation to determine the optimal conditions necessary to synthesize clusters with the desired properties. In this work, magnetite nanocrystal clusters were prepared via a one-pot solvothermal reaction, starting from an available protocol. In order to optimize the experimental factors controlling their synthesis, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The size of nanocrystal clusters can be varied by changing the amount of stabilizer (tribasic sodium citrate) and the solvent ratio (diethylene glycol/ethylene glycol). Tuning the experimental conditions during the optimization process is often limited to changing one factor at a time, while the experimental design allows for variation of the factors' levels simultaneously. The efficiency of the design to achieve maximum refinement for the independent variables (stabilizer amount, diethylene glycol/ethylene glycol (DEG/EG) ratio) towards the best conditions for spherical magnetite nanocrystal clusters with desirable size (measured by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering) and narrow size distribution as responses were proven and tested. The optimization procedure based on the RSM was then used in reverse mode to determine the factors from the knowledge of the response to predict the optimal synthesis conditions required to obtain a good size and size distribution. The RSM model was validated using a plethora of statistical methods. The design can facilitate the optimization procedure by overcoming the trial-and-error process with a systematic model-guided approach.The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) genome encodes a large number of hypothetical proteins, which need to investigate their role in physiology, virulence, pathogenesis, and host interaction. To explore the role of hypothetical protein Rv0580c, we constructed the recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) strain, which expressed the Rv0580c protein heterologously. We observed that Rv0580c expressing M. smegmatis strain (Ms_Rv0580c) altered the colony morphology and increased the cell wall permeability, leading to this recombinant strain becoming susceptible to acidic stress, oxidative stress, cell wall-perturbing stress, and multiple antibiotics. The intracellular survival of Ms_Rv0580c was reduced in THP-1 macrophages. Ms_Rv0580c up-regulated the IFN-γ expression via NF-κB and JNK signaling, and down-regulated IL-10 expression via NF-κB signaling in THP-1 macrophages as compared to control. Moreover, Ms_Rv0580c up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and ER stress marker genes via the NF-κB/JNK axis and JNK/p38 axis, respectively, and boosted the mitochondria-independent apoptosis in macrophages, which might be lead to eliminate the intracellular bacilli. This study explores the crucial role of Rv0580c protein in the physiology and novel host-pathogen interactions of mycobacteria.The kidney is critical in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. Oxidative stress is one of the many factors that is accountable for the development of hypertension. The five dopamine receptor subtypes (D1R-D5R) have important roles in the regulation of blood pressure through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of oxidative stress. Dopamine receptors, including those expressed in the kidney, reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression or action of receptors that increase oxidative stress. In addition, dopamine receptors stimulate the expression or action of receptors that decrease oxidative stress. This article examines the importance and relationship between the renal dopaminergic system and oxidative stress in the regulation of renal sodium handling and blood pressure. It discusses the current information on renal dopamine receptor-mediated antioxidative network, which includes the production of reactive oxygen species and abnormalities of renal dopamine receptors. Recognizing the mechanisms by which renal dopamine receptors regulate oxidative stress and their degree of influence on the pathogenesis of hypertension would further advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension.Dietary quality of Hispanic/Latino adults residing in homes with children may differ by gender, that in turn, may impact youth through role modeling and food availability. Using a nationally representative sample (n = 1039) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016), adjusted regression analyses were used to examine food-related practices, food group intake, and dietary quality among Hispanic/Latino men and women in homes with children (6-17 years). Compared to women, men had lower total 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and component HEI scores for healthy food groups. Men also ate more meals that were not home prepared/week and purchased more foods from non-grocery stores than women. Negative food-related practices and working more hours/week may explain in part the lower dietary quality observed among Hispanic/Latino men than women. selleck kinase inhibitor Interventions may be improved by targeting gender-specific food-related behaviors that could positively impact dietary quality of youth residing with them.The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapeutic landscape has dramatically changed with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) development, which allows a near-normal life expectancy. However, long-term TKI exposure has been associated with persistent adverse events (AEs) which negatively impact on quality of life (QoL) and have the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. In clinical practice, TKI dose reduction is usually considered to reduce AEs and improve QoL, but dose optimization could have also another aim, i.e., the achievement and maintenance of cytogenetic and molecular responses. While therapy cessation appeared as a safe option for about half of the patients achieving an optimal response, no systematic assessment of long-term TKI dose de-escalation has been made. The present review is focused on the most recent evidences for TKIs dose modifications in CML clinical studies and in the real-life setting. It will consider TKI dose modifications in newly diagnosed patients, dose reduction for AEs, or in deep molecular response, either as a prelude to treatment-free remission (TFR) or as continuous maintenance therapy in those patients not wishing to attempt TFR.