Chankrogsgaard9108

In none of the tasks did our subjects make the correct choice significantly above chance, with performance further declining when subjects were presented with 2 events (Task 2). Moreover, none of them could reliably integrate novel information into their memories. Overall, our study casts doubt on the existence of WWW memory in great apes, and especially calls for more caution when using WWW memory tasks and interpreting their results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Spin engineering provides a powerful strategy for manipulating the interaction between electrons in the d orbital and oxygen-containing adsorbates, while a little endeavor was performed to understand whether such a strategy can make a prosperous enhancement for fuel electrooxidations. Herein, we demonstrate that spin engineering of trimetallic Pd-Fe-Pt nanomeshes (NMs) can achieve superior enhancement for fuel electrooxidations. Magnetization characterizations reveal that Pd59Fe27Pt14 NMs own the highest number of polarized spins (μb = 0.85 μB/f.u.), playing an important role on facilitating the adsorption of OHads to promote the oxidation of COads, as confirmed by theoretical results. Consequently, the optimized Pd59Fe27Pt14 NMs exhibit excellent methanol oxidation reaction activity and stability with a mass activity of 1.61 A mgPt-1, 2.6-fold and 7.3-fold larger than those of PtRu/C and Pt/C. Such catalysts also present exceptional performances in ethanol oxidation and formic acid oxidation reactions. Our work highlights a new strategy for designing efficient electrocatalysts for fuel electrooxidations and beyond.Combinatorial biosynthesis of 5/5/6 type polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs) was achieved in an engineered ikarugamycin (5/6/5 type) producer by introducing a set of 5/5/6 type PoTeM biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces griseus. This study supports the idea that PoTeMs share a common polyene tetramate precursor generated by the hybrid polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzymes. The X-ray crystal structure of pactamide G (7) sets an example for resolving the absolute configuration of 5/5/6 type PoTeMs.A combined approach toward syntheses of epoxyguaiane sesquiterpenes is presented. By use of a fungus sesquiterpene cyclase, guaian-6,10(14)-diene was produced through metabolic engineering of the isoprenoid pathway in E. coli. (-)-Englerin A, (-)-oxyphyllol, (+)-orientatol E, and (+)-orientalol F have been synthesized in two to six steps. This strategy provided rapid access to the epoxyguaiane core structure and would facilitate syntheses of (-)-englerin A and its analogues for evaluation of their therapeutic potentials in drug discovery.Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds within a peptide framework poses a challenging task of paramount synthetic relevance. Herein, we report an operationally simple C(sp2)-H trifluoromethylation of tryptophan (Trp)-containing peptides. This fluorination technique is characterized by its chirality preservation, tolerance of functional groups, and scalability and exhibits chemoselectivity for Trp residues over other amino acid and heterocyclic units. As a result, it represents a sustainable tool toward the late-stage peptide modification and protein engineering.We report a combined nano-photocurrent and infrared nanoscopy study of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) enabling access to the local electronic phenomena at length scales as short as 20 nm. We show that the photocurrent changes sign at carrier densities tracking the local superlattice density of states of TBG. We use this property to identify domains of varying local twist angle by local photo-thermoelectric effect. Consistent with the photocurrent study, infrared nano-imaging experiments reveal optical conductivity features dominated by twist-angle dependent interband transitions. learn more Our results provide a fast and robust method for mapping the electronic structure of TBG and suggest that similar methods can be broadly applied to probe electronic inhomogeneities of moiré superlattices in other van der Waals heterostructures.The first photoredox-catalyzed defluoroborylation of polyfluoroarenes with NHC-BH3 has been facilely achieved at room temperature via a single-electron-transfer (SET)/radical addition pathway. This new strategy makes full use of the advantage of photoredox catalysis to generate the key boryl radical via direct activation of a B-H bond. Good functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity offer this protocol incomparable advantages in preparing a wide array of valuable polyfluoroarylboron compounds. Moreover, both computational and experimental studies were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism.We report the enantioselective formation of quaternary stereogenic centers by the intermolecular addition of malononitrile, an acyl anion equivalent, and related pronucleophiles to several 1,3-disubstituted acyclic 1,3-dienes in the presence of a Pd-PHOX catalyst. Products are obtained in up to 88% yield and 991 er and in most cases are formed as a single regioisomer. The products' malononitrile unit undergoes oxidative functionalization to afford β,γ-unsaturated carbonyls bearing internal olefins and α-quaternary stereogenic centers.The bacterial disease Huanglongbing (HLB) has been causing large economic losses in the citrus industry worldwide. Aimed at unraveling the mechanisms of scion/rootstock combination on improving HLB-affected orange juice quality, a specific scion/rootstock combination field trial was designed using three sibling rootstocks and two late-maturing sweet orange scion cultivars. Scion/rootstock combination significantly improved the overall consumer liking of orange juice from the HLB-affected trees. Rootstocks showed significant effects on the consumer liking and overall flavor, while scions had significant effects on the freshness and overall orange flavor intensity of the juice. A PLS-DA model combined with KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and some biomarker metabolites further indicated that scions mainly affected metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate in orange fruits. Meanwhile, rootstocks had an impact on the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Sugars and organic acids were not closely correlated with the overall liking and sensory perception of orange juice.