Soelbergmonaghan7853

Studies of stress-by-parental-care-interactions are essential for preventing long-term mental problems and problems with physical health that could occur in temperamentally vulnerable children who receive suboptimal parental care. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.A number of studies to this day have examined the role of maternal childhood trauma in parenting styles, mental health, and child attachment patterns; however, there are limited data on parenting of mothers who were raised in institutional care (IC) and involved in the child welfare system. The current review focuses on maternal history of institutionalization and foster care placement and its impact on parenting and child development. Studies show that the history of maternal trauma such as maltreatment, which is often linked to an orphan status, can be transferred to children through maladaptive parenting strategies, evoking a cycle of cross-generational maltreatment. Mothers raised in institutions show an early sexual debut that is often resulting in unplanned pregnancies, and are lacking competence in taking care of their own children. Directions for future research involving mothers with a history of IC are discussed. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The etiological mechanisms of the genetic underpinnings of developmental language disorder (DLD) are unknown, in part due to the behavioral heterogeneity of the disorder's manifestations. In this study, we explored an association between the SETBP1 gene (18q21.1), revealed in a genome-wide association study of DLD in a geographically isolated population, and brain network-based endophenotypes of functional intracortical coherence between major language-related brain areas. We analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from thirty-nine children (twenty-three with, sixteen without DLD) aged 7.17-15.83 years acquired during an auditory picture-word matching paradigm. Variation at a single nucleotide polymorphism in the intronic region of the SETBP1 gene, rs8085464, explained 19% of the variance in intracortical network cohesion (p = .00478). This suggests that the development of these brain networks might be partially associated with the variation in SETBP1. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The current study investigated the long-term effects of institutionalization on the inhibitory control of young adults raised in orphanages using the color-word Stroop task. We examined whether young adults raised in institutions (IC group; n = 24; M = 22.17 years, SD = 6.7) would demonstrate poorer behavioral performance and atypical neural response to incongruent stimuli compared to their peers raised in biological families (Biological Family Care, BFC group; n = 28; M = 22.25 years, SD = 4.9). Accuracy analysis revealed that all participants were less accurate in the incongruent condition, however, no group differences were found. Reaction time analysis showed that the institutional care (IC) group was overall slower than the BFC. No significant differences in neural response to stimuli incongruence were identified. The absence of group differences in the interference condition can be explained by the low complexity of the Stroop task in the current study. GNE-781 The IC group showed a reduced P3 event-related potential component on both the congruent and incongruent trials. Findings suggest general attention difficulties in this population, rather than inhibitory control deficits. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Health disparities in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are well documented in the literature, as AI/AN youth appear to be more likely to experience trauma and engage in high-risk behavior, such as substance misuse and risky sexual behavior. These youth also appear disproportionally affected by the criminal justice system. Scholars contend that much of these disparities can be traced back to the history of colonization of Indigenous peoples and the transgenerational effects of forced suppression of cultural ideology. This paper reviews the relevant literature on AI/AN youth mental and behavioral health, and this author highlights studies which examine the plausible relation between historical trauma and contemporary AI/AN youth mental health and delinquency. This author proposes that future research should target the high number of AI/AN youths in juvenile justice settings given that these youths appear neglected in current research. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.There is an increasing attention to the phenomenon referred to as "twice exceptional" ("2e") children, namely, children who demonstrate both exceptional abilities and disabilities. In this essay, this concept is applied to delinquency and/or emotional-behavior disorder and gifts (talents) in the performance arts, exploring the presence of this association and the support for it in the literature. The essay asserts that this association does exist, qualifies these youth as another category of 2e students, and calls for research on the manifestation, etiology, and development of this co-occurrence. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The current study investigated language development of children residing in institutional care (IC) in Russia, compared to peers raised by biological family care (BFC). We used standardized behavioral testing (Preschool Language Scale-5, McArthur CDI), and an event-related potential picture-word matching paradigm. Children in IC significantly underperformed on the measures of receptive and expressive language development, with larger deficits in expressive domain. ERP findings indicated that children in IC did not demonstrate significant N400 effect in response to semantic violations; there were no significant group differences in semantic processing between IC and the BFC groups. In the late time window of 400-600 ms, phonologically legal pseudowords elicited an ERP component with the positive amplitude in the IC group, resembling P300 ERP component, whereas the BFC group showed the expected N400 effect. The findings point to less efficient lexical processing in the IC group. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate both the behavioral and neuropsychological aspects of language development, focusing on phonological and lexical-semantic processing, in children who currently live in IC. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.