Hollishurley1016

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to describe the imaging findings in a group of fetuses with suspected ASP and to evaluate their clinical outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective multicenter study on a cohort of fetuses diagnosed with suspected ASP, between 2008-2017. The records of each patient, including ultrasound and MR studies, were reviewed and compared with the postnatal findings. RESULTS Forty seven patients were included in the study at a mean gestational age of 26.6 weeks. In 17 patients, the ASP was considered isolated. 14 patients delivered liveborn, and all 14 are developing normally. Three were lost to follow-up. check details Twenty four patients had associated malformations involving the CNS; 13 were delivered (normal development (5), abnormal (6) and no follow-up (2)). Nine patients opted for termination, and two pregnancies were lost to follow-up. Six patients had non-CNS associated findings, two were delivered with normal neurological development and four had a termination. CONCLUSIONS Isolated agenesis of the Septum Pellucidum is usually associated with favorable outcome; but in the presence of associated malformations, there is at least a 50% risk of abnormal development. Current imaging techniques can provide an accurate prognosis in cases when ASP appears isolated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT-M) has become a valued reproductive option for couples at risk of having a child with a single gene condition. In line with developments in molecular genetics, there has been an overall trend toward laboratory techniques with higher accuracy in comparison to earlier PGT-M techniques. The recommendation for confirmatory prenatal diagnostic testing has remained a standard component of PGT-M counseling, reflecting the inherent difficulties of testing the limited number of cells obtained from embryo biopsy, as well as recognition of the biological and human factors that may lead to misdiagnosis in a PGT-M cycle. Reported misdiagnosis rates are less than 1 in 200 pregnancies following PGT-M, although updated data regarding newer methods of PGT-M are required. There is limited evidence available regarding clinician and patient behavior in pregnancies resulting from PGT-M cycles. It remains essential that clinicians involved in the care of patients undergoing PGT-M provide appropriate counseling regarding the risks of misdiagnosis and the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis. The nature of PGT-M test design lends itself to cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing for monogenic conditions (NIPT-M), which is likely to become a popular method in the near future. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ultrasound (US) features and rate of upgrade to malignancy in atypical apocrine lesions (AALs) of the breast, diagnosed on percutaneous needle biopsy. METHODS This retrospective study included 17 AALs diagnosed by needle biopsy in 15 patients. For 16 of the 17 AALs, subsequent surgical excision (n = 14) or 8-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy (n = 2) was performed. Ultrasound features were retrospectively analyzed according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon. RESULTS Of 17 AALs, 13 (76.5%) were atypical apocrine hyperplasia; 3 (17.6%) were atypical apocrine adenosis; and 1 (5.9%) was combined atypical apocrine hyperplasia and atypical apocrine adenosis on needle biopsy. Subsequently, 4 of 16 AALs (25%) were upgraded to malignancy at surgical excision. On US imaging, all 17 lesions presented as masses, which were mainly irregular and noncircumscribed (n = 8) or oval/round and noncircumscribed (n = 7) with isoechogenicity or hypoechogenicity. Rarely, an AAL would show complex cystic and solid echogenicity (n = 1) or appear as a hypoechoic mass with oval shape and a circumscribed margin (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Atypical apocrine lesions of the breast often showed suspicious malignant features on US imaging. Given the high upgrade rate (25%), the diagnosis of an AAL by needle biopsy warrants subsequent surgical excision. © 2020 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.In this paper, we aim to stimulate ethical debate about the morally relevant connection between ectogenesis and the foetus as a potential beneficiary of treatment. Ectogenesis could facilitate foetal interventions by treating the foetus independently of the pregnant woman and provide easier access to the foetus if interventions are required. The moral relevance hereof derives from the observation that, together with other developments in genetic technology and prenatal treatment, this may catalyse the allocation of a patient status to the foetus. The topic of foetal medicine is of growing interest to clinicians, and it also deserves due attention from an ethical perspective. To the extent that these developments contribute to the allocation of a patient status to the foetus (and to its respective interests for medical treatment), normative questions arise about how moral responsibilities towards foetal interests should be balanced against the interests of the pregnant woman. We conclude that, even if ectogenesis could facilitate foetal therapy, it is important to remain sensitive to the fact that it would not circumvent the key ethical concerns that come with in utero foetal treatment and that it may even exacerbate potential conflicts between directive treatment recommendations and the pregnant woman's autonomous decision to the contrary. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.An in-depth understanding of the genetics and evolution of brain function and behavior requires a detailed mapping of gene expression in functional brain circuits across major vertebrate clades. Here we present the Zebra finch Expression Brain Atlas (ZEBrA; www.zebrafinchatlas.org, RRID SCR_012988), a web-based resource that maps the expression of genes linked to a broad range of functions onto the brain of zebra finches. ZEBrA is a first of its kind gene expression brain atlas for a bird species and a first for any sauropsid. ZEBrA's >3,200 high-resolution digital images of in situ hybridized sections for ~650 genes (as of June 2019) are presented in alignment with an annotated histological atlas and can be browsed down to cellular resolution. An extensive relational database connects expression patterns to information about gene function, mouse expression patterns and phenotypes, and gene involvement in human diseases and communication disorders. By enabling brain-wide gene expression assessments in a bird, ZEBrA provides important substrates for comparative neuroanatomy and molecular brain evolution studies.