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The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. this website The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.Mānuka oil is an essential oil derived from Leptospermum scoparium, a plant that has been used by the indigenous populations of New Zealand and Australia for centuries. Both the extracted oil and its individual components have been associated with various medicinal properties. Given the rise in resistance to conventional antibiotics, natural products have been targeted for the development of antimicrobials with novel mechanism of action. This review aimed to collate available evidence on the antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of mānuka oil and its components. A comprehensive literature search of was conducted using PubMed and Embase (via Scopus) targeting articles from database inception until June 2020. Chemical structures and IUPAC names were sourced from PubChem. Unpublished information from grey literature databases, Google search, targeted websites and Google Patents were also included. The present review found extensive in vitro data supporting the antimicrobial effects of mānuka oil warrants further clinical studies to establish its therapeutic potential. Clinical evidence on its efficacy, safety and dosing guidelines are necessary for its implementation for medical purposes. Further work on regulation, standardization and characterization of the medicinal properties of mānuka oil is required for establishing consistent efficacy of the product.Lightweight mortar extrusion enables the production of monolithic exterior wall components with improved thermal insulation by installing air chambers and reduced material demand compared to conventional construction techniques. However, without reinforcement, the systems are not capable of bearing high flexural forces and, thus, the application possibilities are limited. Furthermore, the layer bonding is a weak spot in the system. We investigate a reinforcement strategy combining fibers in the mortar matrix with vertically inserted elements to compensate the layer bonding. By implementing fibers in the extruded matrix, the flexural strength can be increased almost threefold parallel to the layers. However, there is still an anisotropy between the layers as fibers are oriented during deposition and the layer bond is still mainly depending on hydration processes. This can be compensated by the vertical insertion of reinforcement elements in the freshly deposited layers. Corrugated wire fibers as well as short steel reinforcement elements were suitable to increase the flexural strength between the layers. As shown, the potential increase in flexural strength could be of a factor six compared to the reference (12 N/mm2 instead of 1.9 N/mm2). Thus, the presented methods reduce anisotropy in flexural strength due to layered production.The incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) within a polymer matrix can play an important role in the physical properties and the functionality of the composite material. Composites consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and GnPs of different concentrations were developed by mixing GnPs with a molten form of the polymeric matrix. The effect of the GnPs content on the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the composites were investigated. As shown, graphene presence and its concentration significantly modified the polymer matrix properties, a behavior that can be employed for tailoring its applicability in electrical applications. It was found that the increase of the graphene platelets concentration seems to promote the formation of graphene agglomerates, air gaps, and inhomogeneities, while higher dielectric constant/lower dielectric losses can be achieved.We demonstrate a compact all-fiber oxygen sensor using photothermal interferometry with a short length (4.3 cm) of hollow-core negative curvature fibers. The hollow-core fiber has double transmission windows covering both visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. Absorption of a pump laser beam at 760 nm produces photothermal phase modulation and a probe Fabry-Perot interferometer operating at 1550 nm is used to detect the phase modulation. With wavelength modulation and first harmonic detection, a limit of detection down to 54 parts per million (ppm) with a 600-s averaging time is achieved, corresponding to a normalized equivalent absorption of 7.7 × 10-8 cm-1. The oxygen sensor has great potential for in situ detection applications.