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e countries in which surgical complications are more prone to occur.

Mechanical obstruction is the most common form of nasal obstruction. Among the types of mechanical obstructions, septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy are the most prevalent.

This study evaluated the early clinical outcomes of inferior turbinate radiofrequency and inferior turbinate lateralization combined with septoplasty in the treatment of nasal obstruction symptoms.

The research retrospectively evaluated data from 33 patients (24 male, nine female) undergoing septoplasty and inferior turbinate radiofrequency (RF group) and 32 patients (24 male, eight female) treated with septoplasty and inferior turbinate lateralization (LAT group), who were admitted, with complaints of nasal obstruction, to the University of Health Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018. The patients' preoperative and 6-month postoperative symptoms were evaluated via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, the NOSE scale.

The mean preoperative NOSE scores were 10.3±4.2 in the RF group and 10.9±4.9 in the LAT group, and the mean six-month postoperative scores were 1.09±1.3 in the RF group and 1.2±1.3 in the LAT group. There was no significant difference in NOSE scores between the two groups (p>0.05).

The data obtained in this study show that both methods result in similar outcomes in terms of relieving nasal obstruction symptoms in patients requiring inferior turbinate intervention. Therefore, the researchers believe that, in each case, the intervention method should be selected at the discretion of the patient and surgeon(s).

The data obtained in this study show that both methods result in similar outcomes in terms of relieving nasal obstruction symptoms in patients requiring inferior turbinate intervention. Therefore, the researchers believe that, in each case, the intervention method should be selected at the discretion of the patient and surgeon(s).

Septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery are very often concurrently performed operations in otolaryngology practice. The most common complication of endoscopic sinus surgery is lateralization of the middle turbinate. In our practice intranasal stenting is done routinely with Doyle silicone splints.

Retrospectively, we aimed to review the postoperative period and to document efficacy of endoscopy-assisted Doyle silicone splint application on prevention of middle turbinate lateralization.

Patients who had failed medical therapy and who underwent elective primary endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with septal deviation requiring septoplasty were included to the study. Doyle silicone splints were inserted to all patients at the end of the operation with nasal speculum or with endoscopic assistance. Enasidenib purchase Groups were compared for position of the middle turbinate at the end of the postoperative first month regarding lateralization and for pain score recorded on the second postoperative day.

In tstudy, after concomitant endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty, less middle turbinate lateralization was observed when the Doyle silicone splints were inserted with endoscopic guidance. The surgical techniques or methods of sinus packing as well as nasal packing may have an impact on middle turbinate lateralization after concurrent septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Although the definition is well known, there are controversial issues about the effects of hormones and inflammation on ED.

We aimed to compare the clinical value of the hormonal and inflammation parameters in sexual dysfunction.

A total of 152 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction between September 2018 and March 2019 and 101 healthy males were included in this prospective study as case group and control group, respectively. The 152 patients were divided into three groups based on their total International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores (I) severe ED, (II) mild-moderate ED and (III) mild ED. All groups were compared in terms of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and total testosterone (TT), estradiol, prolactin, testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and 25 (OH) vitamin D.

Patient and control groups differed significantly in term of NLR, PLR, prolactin and vitamin D (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). NLR was more significant in determining the severity of ED (p<0.001). It was observed that libido score (the total score of IIEF items #11 and #12) was negatively associated with prolactin and NLR (p<0.001, p=0.023, respectively), was positively associated with vitamin D and TT (p<0.001, p=0.02, respectively), and was lower in severe ED patients.

Although more clinical studies are needed, we think that our findings may be useful on these controversial issues of ED.

Although more clinical studies are needed, we think that our findings may be useful on these controversial issues of ED.

Endoscopic endonasal surgery requires many skills a learning program was developed with progressive steps, on a surgical simulator (Cyrano) designed to train junior surgeons in the acquisition of basic endoscopic surgery skills and to assess their progress. The main objective of this study was to establish the construct validity of these exercises and to refine objective criteria to establish students' level.

Thirty volunteers with varying experience in endoscopic endonasal surgery were blindly evaluated on 4 modules according to objective and subjective criteria.

Ten beginner, 11 intermediate and 9 expert level participants were included. For each exercise, at least one criterion was discriminant for level of expertise. Weighted scores succeeded in discriminating groups. Interpretation of a single criterion must remain cautious and evaluation should rather rely on composite scores, which better reflect the participants' level. Useful criteria and their reference values are specific of each exercise. Face and content validity were rated at 3.