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ghout the sampling period and is protected against microbial growth. The study showed that metronidazole concentrations did not go below 97% of the label claim (initial drug concentration) at both temperatures studied. No microbial growth was observed. Viscosity and pH values also did not change significantly. This study demonstrates that metronidazole is physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable in PCCA SuspendIt for 180 days in the refrigerator and at room temperature, thus providing a viable, compounded alternative for metronidazole in a liquid dosage form, with an extended beyond-use-date to meet patient needs.An oral liquid formulation of nadolol, which is required for administration to patients who cannot swallow intact tablets, is not commercially available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of nadolol 10 mg/mL prepared in Oral Mix vehicle and stored in amber glass, amber polyethylene terephthalate, or amber polyvinyl chloride for 91 days at 4ÆC and 25ÆC; and polypropylene oral plastic syringes at 25ÆC only. Three separate batches of nadolol suspension 10 mg/mL were prepared with Oral Mix. Of the suspension, 50-mL aliquots were stored in 100-mL bottles (amber glass, amber polyethylene terephthalate, or amber polyvinyl chloride). Half of the bottles from each container type were stored at 25ÆC and the other half at 4ÆC. On study days 0, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 72, and 91, nadolol concentration was determined using a reverse-phase, stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method from samples drawn from each type of container at each temperature. Oral syringes (3 mL), filled with 2 mL of suspension, were stored at 25ÆC and tested on days 0, 2, 7, 21, 42, and 91. The concentration of nadolol 10 mg/mL in Oral Mix in all study samples from bottles and oral syringes remained within 3.5% of the initial concentration. Based on the fastest degradation rate with 95% confidence, on day 91, between 99% to 100% and 98% to 100% remained in suspensions stored in bottles at 25ÆC and 4ÆC, respectively. Oral syringes at 25ÆC had 94% remaining on day 91. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the percent remaining was related to study day and container, but not temperature. On day 91, nadolol 10 mg/mL oral suspensions prepared with Oral Mix and stored in all bottle types at 4ÆC will retain more than 98% of the initial concentration compared to 99% at 25ÆC and only 94% when stored in oral syringes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of 5 common hormones used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in Fagron Phytobase cream. The active pharmaceutical ingredients were tested using a bracketed format, as well as individually, and in one combination estrone 0.1%, estrone 1%, estradiol 0.05%, estradiol 2%, estriol 0.05%, estriol 2%, progesterone 0.1%, progesterone 20%, testosterone 0.1%, testosterone 20%; combination (estradiol 0.05%, estriol 0.05%, progesterone 0.5%), and combination (estradiol 2%, estriol 1%, progesterone 20%). All creams were stored at controlled room temperature (20ÆC to 25ÆC) in a Topi-CLICK container-closure. Stability was assessed by measuring the percent recovery at varying time points throughout a 180-day period. Active pharmaceutical ingredients' quantifications were performed by highperformance liquid chromatography via a stabilityindicating method. Antimicrobial effectiveness testing per United States Pharmacopeia Chapter guidelines was carried out for each compounded formulation. Given the percent recovery of the active pharmaceutical ingredients within the cream base, the beyond-use date was determined to be 180 days in all samples except estrone, which was determined to be 150 days. This suggests that Phytobase cream is able to maintain the stability of various compounded hormones in the base over an extended time of storage.Recently, there has been an increase in the use of compounded topical pain preparations, raising concerns that clinicians and patients may not be aware of the potential safety risks. Topical diclofenac is one of the most widely used pain medications, often used for joint ailments such as osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal pain. this website Systemic exposure to diclofenac has a dose-related risk for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal adverse events, particularly in elderly patients. Topical diclofenac preparations are frequently compounded in pharmacies at the concentrations of 1% to 10% (or higher) with or without other active ingredients such as camphor. Considering the significantly higher strengths of the compounded preparations as compared to the commercially available products (1% to 3%) and the frequency of application (sometimes up to six times a day), concerns arise as to the levels of absorption with these formulations and their potential toxicity. The objective of this initial study was formulatees Food and Drug Administrationapproved formulations.Intravenous admixture compounding is common practice in most hospitals throughout the world, regardless of the country. Compounding intravenous medications involves risk, as there is a high potential for error due to their complexity in compounding, and working in an aseptic environment itself poses issues for the compounder. Part 9-A of this series of articles on the topic of intravenous admixture preparation considerations discusses 1) the background, 2) types of errors, 3) where errors can occur, 4) automated parenteral nutrition compounding systems, 5) accuracy and strength issues, and 6) medication error prevention. Part 9-B of this series of articles will include 1) a discussion on standardization (of both formulas and procedures), 2) competency, 3) compliance, 4) a detailed table on the sources of errors, and 5) the considerations for the prevention of errors.Humectants, hygroscopic substances used to minimize water loss and to prevent the drying out of different types of products, are in common use not only in pharmaceuticals but also in foods, cosmetics, etc. The proper selection of a humectant in a pharmaceutical formula depends upon the dosage form, ingredients, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as stability issues. This article discusses the importance of humectants and their applications in pharmaceutics.