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Fagan's nomogram indicated that the posterior probability of 'poor prognosis' was 76% if the test was positive, and 'no poor prognosis' was 25% if the test was negative. The DNI can be considered as a reliable initial measurement biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.As an important type of programmed cell death, apoptosis plays a critical role in lepidopteran insects in response to various internal and external stresses. It is controlled by a network of genes such as those encoding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. However, there are few studies on apoptosis-related genes in Spodoptera frugiperda. In this study, an orthologue to the Drosophila reaper gene, named Sf-IBM1, was identified from S. frugiperda, and a full-length sequence was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE-PCR). The expression pattern of Sf-IBM1 was determined in different developmental stages and various tissues. Apoptotic stimuli including azadirachtin, camptothecin, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) induced the expression of Sf-IBM1 at both transcript and protein levels. Overexpression of Sf-IBM1 induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells, and the Sf-IBM1 protein was localized in mitochondria. The apoptosis induced by Sf-IBM1 could be blocked by the caspase universal inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) and Sf-IAP1. Our results provide valuable information that should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular events that lead to apoptosis in lepidopterans.Rickettsial diseases (RDs) are major under-diagnosed causes of arthropod borne acute febrile illness (AFI) presenting with a range of symptoms from mild self-limiting fever to fatal sepsis. The spotted fever group (SFG) and typhus group (TG) are major RDs, which are commonly caused by Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. The limited availability and role of serological tests in the acute phase of illness warrants rapid reliable molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Two hundred patients with AFI in whom the routine fever diagnostics were negative, were enrolled over a period of two months (April 2019 to May 2019). DNA was extracted and in-house nested PCR using primers specific for both SPG and TG pathogens was used. The positive amplified products were sequenced for species identification and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 7.0.14 software (iGEM, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA). The demographic details of the RD cases were documented. Theerogenous clinical presentation without documented history of tick exposure in the hospitalized patients. The transient, non-severe, febrile illness could be due to transient rickettsemia resulting from empirical antimicrobial therapy as the rickettsial organisms are expected to be more susceptible to higher doses of β-lactam antibiotics. The study emphasizes the molecular method as a useful tool to identify rickettsial etiology in AFI.A batch bio-sorption experiment was conducted on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. wood-branch in the form of woody sawdust nanoparticles (nSD-KF) to evaluate their potential efficiency as phosphate bio-sorption capacity. The operating parameters of phosphate bio-sorption including contact time, initial concentration, pH, temperature, dosage, size, competing ion, and the possible mechanisms responsible for phosphate removal from water were investigated. The nSD-KF were green-synthesized by ball mill grinder and phosphate solutions with various concentrations were performed. The results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) value of nSD-KF was 50,000 µg/g. In addition, the removal efficiency of nSD-KF significantly increased with the increase of initial phosphate concentration, contact time, temperature, and dosage. However, it decreased with the increase of pH and in double-system solution with the presence of ammonium ions. At the application study, the nSD-KF successfully removed 87.82% and 92.09% of phosphate from real agricultural wastewater in a batch experiment and in a column experiment, respectively. Adsorption efficiency of nSD-KF for phosphate increased after the first and second regeneration cycles, but it decreased after the third and fourth cycles. The poor to moderate phosphate desorption from nSD-KF sorbent indicates the stability of phosphate bound to nSD-KF materials. Regardless, biodegradability of nSD-KF-loaded phosphate is possible, and it will be a good source of phosphate to a plant when added to the agricultural soil as a supplemental application of fertilizer. In conclusion, nSD-KF could be considered as a promising lignocellulosic biomaterial used for the removal of phosphate from waters as bio-sorption process.In many nations, grades and standardized test scores are used to select students for programs of scientific study. We suggest that the skills that these assessments measure are related to success in science, but only peripherally in comparison with two other skills, scientific creativity and recognition of scientific impact. In three studies, we investigated the roles of scientific creativity and recognition of scientific impact on scientific thinking. The three studies described here together involved 219 students at a selective university in the Northeast U.S. Participants received assessments of scientific creativity and recognition of scientific impact as well as a variety of previously used assessments measuring scientific reasoning (generating alternative hypotheses, generating experiments, drawing conclusions) and the fluid aspect of general intelligence (letter sets, number series). selleck They also provided scores from either or both of two college-admissions tests-the SAT and the ACT-as well as demographic information. Our goal was to determine whether the new tests of scientific impact and scientific creativity correlated and factored with the tests of scientific reasoning, fluid intelligence, both, or neither. We found that our new measures tapped into aspects of scientific reasoning as we previously have studied it, although the factorial composition of the test on recognition of scientific impact is less clear than that of the test of scientific creativity. We also found that participants rated high-impact studies as more scientifically rigorous and practically useful than low-impact studies, but also generally as less creative, probably because their titles/abstracts were seemingly less novel for our participants. Replicated findings across studies included the correlation of Letter Sets with Number Series (both measures of fluid intelligence) and the correlation of Scientific Creativity with Scientific Reasoning.