Reidwoodward5288
Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Investment in critical care training for doctors and nurses is needed.
Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Investment in critical care training for doctors and nurses is needed.
Close hemodynamic monitoring after craniotomy is routine given risk for post-operative hypertension, systemic and neurological complications. Patient and peri-operative variables associated with increased risk of post-craniotomy hypertension and complications are not well understood. Our analysis aims to estimate the incidence and prevalence of post-craniotomy hypertension, its time course, contributing factors, and post-craniotomy complications.
This is a prospective study of patients admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit after an elective craniotomy. Variables associated with pre-surgical risk, demographics, and post-operative care were analyzed.
A total of 282 patients were included in the final analysis, 44% had pre-existing hypertension. Post-craniotomy hypertension was seen in 21%, with a higher incidence in patients with pre-existing hypertension (p < .001), smaller craniotomies (p = .0035), and increased use of analgesic medications (p < .001). History of hypertension was the only independent risk factor for post-craniotomy hypertension in a multivariate regression model. GSK2578215A research buy Patients who developed post-craniotomy hypertension, showed a significant increase in length of stay, number and duration of antihypertensive treatment. However, post-craniotomy hypertension was not associated with a higher incidence of other post-operative complications.
Development of hypertension after craniotomy is multi-factorial. In this prospective study, a prior history of hypertension was the only associated independent risk factor.
Development of hypertension after craniotomy is multi-factorial. In this prospective study, a prior history of hypertension was the only associated independent risk factor.Rhizoma Paris is a popular Chinese medicine in clinics. It contains four main saponins which are its major bioactive compounds. These saponins are Paris saponin I, II, VI and VII (PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII, respectively). Up to now, the research using HUVEC cells to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of four saponins is blank. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic properties (also known as angiotoxicity) of the four saponins in Rhizoma Paris on vascular endothelial cells-HUVEC cells, and to investigate the underlying mechanism, which has not been studied before. In this study, MTT assay, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, wound healing experiments, transwell cell invasion assay, tubule formation experiment, DAPI staining, AV-PI double staining, and cell cycle analysis were used to determine the effects of Paris saponins. The results showed that, with increases in concentrations of PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII, the viability of HUVEC cells decreased significantly. In addition, four saponins dose-dependent enhanced LDH release and inhibited HUVEC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In terms of mechanism, PSI significantly inhibited protein expression in multiple signaling pathways. In particular, with the VEGF2 as the target, it activate the downstream PI3K / AKT / mTOR, SRC / eNOS, P38, PLCγ / ERK / MERK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. In conclusion, PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion, block endothelial cell cycle, induce endothelial cell apoptosis, act on protein expression in several anti-angiogenic signaling pathways, and finally inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. This study provides further data support for the clinical application of Paris saponins as antiangiogenic drugs.
Thymosin alpha-1 (TA) has been reported to inhibit tumor growth as an immunomodulator. However, its mechanism of action in immunosuppressive cells is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TA can reshape the immune microenvironment by inhibiting the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
The effects of TA on peripheral blood monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) in patients with NSCLC and on the apoptosis and migration of M-MDSCs were studied. A mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was constructed, and the effect of TA on M-MDSC migration was evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the mechanism by which TA affects M-MDSCs.
TA not only promoted the apoptosis of M-MDSCs by reducing the Bcl-2/BAX ratio but also and more importantly inhibited the migration of MDSCs to the tumor microenvironment by suppressing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in tumor cells.
TA may have a novel antitumor effect mediated by decreasing M-MDSC accumulation in the tumor microenvironment through reduced VEGF production.
TA may have a novel antitumor effect mediated by decreasing M-MDSC accumulation in the tumor microenvironment through reduced VEGF production.Pueraria species are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia and are being used for the treatment of various health ailments and in protecting health. Puerarin, a chemotaxonomic marker of Pueraria, received investigational drug status for the treatment of alcohol abuse and listed in DRUGBANK database. The purpose of this review is to provide insights on health benefits of Pueraria, its bioactive constituents and molecular mechanisms. The information is retrieved from various databases. The most investigated plant part is tuber and the major bioactive constituents are isoflavones. The Pueraria is reported to possess a lots of health benefits on brain, liver, heart, kidney, bone, stomach, muscle, skin, and reproductive system. Pueraria also shown beneficial effects in postmenopausal women. In this review, the scientific information on Pueraria reported until May 2020 were analysed and summarized logically to appreciate its health benefits and to identify research gaps.
