Heincastro8765

Physical inactivity and low aerobic capacity are primary drivers of chronic disease pathophysiology and are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conversely, increased physical activity and exercise are central to metabolic disease prevention and longevity. Although these relationships are well characterized in the literature, what remains incompletely understood are the mechanisms by which physical activity/exercise prevents disease. Given methodological constraints of clinical research, investigators must often rely on preclinical rodent models to investigate these potential underlying mechanisms. However, there are several key barriers to applying exercise metabolism findings from rodent models to human health. These barriers include housing temperature, nutrient metabolism, exercise modality, exercise testing, and sex differences. Increased awareness and understanding of these barriers will enhance the ability to impact human health through more appropriate experimental design and interpretation of data within the context of these factors.The present study aimed to determine the effect of hyperthermia on both electrochemical and mechanical components of the electromechanical delay (EMD), using very-high-frame-rate ultrasound. Electrically evoked peak twitch force, EMD, electrochemical (Dm; i.e., delay between stimulation and muscle fascicle motion), and mechanical (Tm; i.e., delay between fascicle motion and force production onset) components of EMD were assessed in 16 participants. Assessments were conducted in a control ambient environment (CON; 26°C, 34% relative humidity) and in a hot ambient environment (HOT; 46-50°C, 18% relative humidity, after ∼127 min of heat exposure). Following heat exposure, gastrocnemius medialis temperature was 37.0 ± 0.6°C in HOT vs. 34.0 ± 0.8°C in CON (P less then 0.001). EMD was shorter (9.4 ± 0.8 ms) in HOT than in CON (10.8 ± 0.6 ms, P less then 0.001). Electrochemical processes were shorter in HOT than in CON (4.0 ± 0.8 ms vs. 5.5 ± 0.9 ms, respectively, P less then 0.001), whereas mechanical processxposure on contractile and elastic properties of the muscle-tendon unit.The morphometry of the large conducting airways is presumed to have a strong effect on the regional deposition of inhaled aerosol particles. Nevertheless, sex-based differences have not been fully quantified and are still largely ignored in designing inhalation therapies. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed high-resolution computed tomography scans for 185 individuals (90 women, 95 men) in the age range of 12-89 yr to determine airway luminal areas, airway lengths, and bifurcation angles. Only subjects free of chronic airway disease were considered. In men, luminal areas of the upper conducting airways were, on average, ∼30%-50% larger when compared with those in women, with the largest differences found in the trachea (289.72 ± 54.25 vs. 193.50 ± 42.37 mm2 for men and women, respectively). The ratio of the largest luminal area in men to the smallest luminal area in women (in any given segment) ranged between 4.5 and 8.6, the largest differences being found in the lobar bronchi. Sex-based differences wertive of sex. The branching pattern of the right main and right upper bronchi in women (but not in men) follows two phenotypes modulated by lung volume.We determined if interrupting prolonged sitting with practical "activity snacks" could reduce postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults. Fourteen participants (7 males, 7 females; 24 ± 5 yr; 25 ± 5 kg/m2; 40 ± 8 mL/kg/min; 7,033 ± 2,288 steps/day) completed three 7.5-h trials in a randomized order consisting of uninterrupted sitting (SIT), sitting with intermittent (every 30 min) walking (WALK; 2 min at 3.1 mph), or sitting with intermittent squats (SQUAT; 15 chair stands with calf raise). Mixed-macronutrient liquid meals provided 20% ("breakfast") and 30% ("lunch") of daily energy needs to mimic Western meal patterns. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were collected to measure markers of contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake signaling. Postprandial glucose and insulin did not differ across conditions following breakfast. After lunch, peak insulin concentration was lower in SQUAT (52 ± 27, P 0.05). Interrupting prolonged sitting with short walks or repeated chair stands reduces postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults. Our results may have implications for mitigating cardiometabolic disease risk in adults who engage in periods of prolonged sitting.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Breaking up prolonged sitting with intermittent walking breaks can improve glycemic control. Here, we demonstrated that interrupting prolonged sitting every 30 min with 1 min of repeated chair stands was as effective as 2-min treadmill walks for lowering postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults. Markers of contraction- and insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake were unchanged. Repeated chair stands as a form of body-weight resistance activity may represent a cost- and space-efficient activity break for mitigating cardiometabolic-disease risk.In times where many people have suffered loss and others of us are dealing with stress, disruption, and fear, there is a lot of comfort to be taken in reading. If we are not able to meet up and discuss our work in person, exploring published studies provides some succor, even without the cheese, wine, and other traditions of our usual get-togethers. Fortunately, recent months have seen many high-quality papers around the topic of glycosaminoglycans. I can only pick up on a very few here, those that I have particularly enjoyed, but the following collection of reviews will also be a treat and hopefully tide us over until our research community can regroup.

Parent engagement in childhood cancer treatment is central for positive outcomes. Aspects of fruitful engagement have been described mainly in high-income countries (HICs) where family autonomy is valued, health care provider-patient relationships are less hierarchical, and active family participation in health care is welcomed. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), these aspects are not always valued or encouraged. We explored childhood cancer treatment engagement in Latin America as part of a larger engagement study in 10 LMICs worldwide.

A qualitative investigation was conducted with parents (with the exception of one grandmother and two aunts in loco parentis; n = 21) of children with cancer in El Salvador, Peru, and Mexico. selleck compound Participants were recruited by two Childhood Cancer International foundations and two local hospitals. A pediatric oncology psychologist and a medical anthropologist (experienced, native Latin Americans researchers) conducted focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews that were recorded and transcribed, and analyzed data.