Kellylynge0239

Theory and research indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative parenting attitudes and behaviors. We posit that protective and compensatory experiences (PACEs) in childhood buffer the negative effects of ACEs on later parenting. To test this premise, the present study examined associations between ACEs, PACEs, and attitudes towards nurturing and harsh parenting in an ethnically diverse sample of parents with children of various ages (N = 109; 65% mothers, 35% fathers; M age = 38). Parents completed a widely used parenting attitudes questionnaire and the ACEs and PACEs surveys. PACEs were negatively correlated with ACEs and positively correlated with nurturing parenting attitudes and parent income and education levels. Linear regression models indicate that higher PACEs, ACEs, and family income and less harsh parenting attitudes predict nurturing parenting attitudes. GSK503 in vitro In contrast, higher ACEs and less nurturing attitudes were correlated with harsh parenting attitudes. As expected, moderation analyses indicated that the association between ACEs and harsh parenting attitudes was conditional upon the level of PACEs. When PACE scores were low (M - 1 SD), but not when PACE scores were average or high (M + 1 SD), ACEs were associated with harsh parenting attitudes, suggesting a buffering effect of PACEs on negative parenting attitudes. These findings support the importance of including protective as well as adverse childhood experiences when assessing the role of childhood experiences on parenting attitudes and practices. Implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed, as well as new directions for PACEs research using a cumulative protection approach.Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are clonal stem cell diseases characterized mainly by ineffective hematopoiesis. Here, we present an approach that enables robust long-term engraftment of primary MDS stem cells (MDS-SCs) in mice by implantation of human mesenchymal cell-seeded scaffolds. Critically for modelling MDS, where patient sample material is limiting, mononuclear bone marrow cells containing as few as 104 CD34+ cells can be engrafted and expanded by this approach with the maintenance of the genetic make-up seen in the patients. Non-invasive high-resolution ultrasound imaging shows that these scaffolds are fully perfused. Our data shows that human microenvironment but not mouse is essential to MDS-SCs homing and engraftment. Notably, the alternative niche provided by healthy donor MSCs enhanced engraftment of MDS-SCs. This study characterizes a new tool to model MDS human disease with the level of engraftment previously unattainable in mice, and offers insights into human-specific determinants of MDS-SC microenvironment.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate the pooled upgrade rate of pure flat epithelial atypia (FEA) diagnosed at core needle biopsy (CNB).

A PubMed and Embase database search was performed in December 2019. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study quality and publication bias were assessed. The upgrade rate of pure FEA to cancer, invasive carcinoma, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), as well as the co-occurrence rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), with 95% CIs were calculated. A random effect model was used to integrate the proportions and their corresponding 95% CI. Study heterogeneity was calculated using τ

and



.

A total of 2482 cases of pure FEA across 42 studies (mean age range, 46-59 years) met inclusion criteria to be analyzed. Significant study heterogeneity was identified (τ

= 0.001,



= 67%). The pooled upgrade rates reported for pure FEA were 5% (95% CI 3%, 6%) for breast cancer, 1% (95% CI 0%, 2%) for invasive carcinoma, and 2% (95% CI 1%, 3%) for DCIS. When more than 90% of calcifications were removed at CNB, the pooled upgrade rate was 0% (95% CI 0%, 2%). The pooled co-occurrence rate of ADH at surgical excision was 17% (95% CI 12%, 21%). Study quality was medium to high with a risk of publication bias (

< .01).

Pure FEA diagnosed at CNB should be surgically excised due to the pooled upgrade rate of 5% for breast cancer. If more than 90% of the targeted calcifications are removed by CNB for pure FEA, close imaging follow-up is recommended.

Biopsy/Needle Aspiration, Breast, Mammography

© RSNA, 2021.

Pure FEA diagnosed at CNB should be surgically excised due to the pooled upgrade rate of 5% for breast cancer. If more than 90% of the targeted calcifications are removed by CNB for pure FEA, close imaging follow-up is recommended.Keywords Biopsy/Needle Aspiration, Breast, MammographySupplemental material is available for this article.© RSNA, 2021.Technical advances in CT have enabled implementation of dual-energy CT into routine clinical practice. By acquiring images at two different energy spectra, dual-energy CT enables material decomposition, allowing generation of material- and energy-specific images. Material-specific images include virtual nonenhanced images and iodine-specific images (iodine maps). Energy-specific images include virtual monoenergetic images. The reconstructed images can provide unique qualitative and quantitative information about tissue composition and contrast media distribution. In thoracic oncologic imaging, dual-energy CT provides advantages in characterization of thoracic malignancies and lung nodules, determination of extent of disease, and assessment of response to therapy. An especially important feature in children is that dual-energy CT does not come at a higher radiation exposure. Keywords CT, CT-Quantitative, Lung, Mediastinum, Neoplasms-Primary, Pediatrics, Thorax, Treatment Effects © RSNA, 2021.

To evaluate the impact of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity (IMH) and other quantitative fluorine 18 (

F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT parameters for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with esophageal cancer.

In this retrospective study, an automated gradient-based segmentation method was used to assess the maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and IMH index of the primary tumor in patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with an initial staging

F-FDG PET/CT. Data were collected between July 2006 and February 2016. OS and PFS were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with the adjustment (as covariates) of age, sex, weight, stage, tumor type, tumor grade, and treatment. All PET parameters were standardized before analysis. Log-rank tests were performed, and corresponding Kaplan-Meier survival plots were generated.

A total of 71 patients (mean age, 64 years ± 10 [standard deviation], 629 menwomen) were included.