Villumsenmcallister6434
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW).
After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63gI/kg of LBW) or TBWgroup (0.44gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120kVp, 100-200mAs, rotation time 0.5s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370mgI/mL), and flow rate 3mL/s. Levene, Mann-Whitney U, and χ
tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE).
Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBWgroup, 141 TBWgroup). The median age of LBWgroup (66years) was slightly lower than that of TBWgroup (70years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27mL versus 21mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35-46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35-44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating.
The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.
The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.
Deriving links between imaging and genomic markers is an evolving field. 2-[
F]FDG PET/CT (
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography) is commonly used for cancer imaging, with maximum standardized uptake value (SUV
) as the main quantitative parameter. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), the quantitative variable obtained using next-generation sequencing on a tissue biopsy sample, is a putative immunotherapy response predictor. We report the relationship between TMB and SUV
, linking these two important parameters.
In this pilot study, we analyzed 1923 patients with diverse cancers and available TMB values. Overall, 273 patients met our eligibility criteria in that they had no systemic treatment prior to imaging/biopsy, and also had 2-[
F]FDG PET/CT within 6months prior to the tissue biopsy, to ensure acceptable temporal correlation between imaging and genomic evaluation.
We found a linear correlation between TMB and SUV
(p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only TMB independently correlated with SUV
, whereas age, gender, and tumor organ did not.
Our observations link SUV
in readily available, routinely used, and noninvasive 2-[
F]FDG PET/CT imaging to the TMB, which requires a tissue biopsy and time to process. Since higher TMB has been implicated as a prognostic biomarker for better outcomes after immunotherapy, further investigation will be needed to determine if SUV
can stratify patient response to immunotherapy.
Our observations link SUVmax in readily available, routinely used, and noninvasive 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT imaging to the TMB, which requires a tissue biopsy and time to process. Since higher TMB has been implicated as a prognostic biomarker for better outcomes after immunotherapy, further investigation will be needed to determine if SUVmax can stratify patient response to immunotherapy.
There has been a recent explosion of research into the field of artificial intelligence as applied to clinical radiology with the advent of highly accurate computer vision technology. These studies, however, vary significantly in design and quality. While recent guidelines have been established to advise on ethics, data management and the potential directions of future research, systematic reviews of the entire field are lacking. MRTX1719 We aim to investigate the use of artificial intelligence as applied to radiology, to identify the clinical questions being asked, which methodological approaches are applied to these questions and trends in use over time.
We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. We will perform a literature search through MEDLINE (Pubmed), and EMBASE, a detailed data extraction of trial characteristics and a narrative synthesis of the data. There will be no language restrictions. We will take a task-centred approach rather than focusing on modality or clinical subspecialty. Sub-group analysis will be performed by segmentation tasks, identification tasks, classification tasks, pegression/prediction tasks as well as a sub-analysis for paediatric patients.
Ethical approval will not be required for this study, as data will be obtained from publicly available clinical trials. We will disseminate our results in a peer-reviewed publication. Registration number PROSPERO CRD42020154790.
Ethical approval will not be required for this study, as data will be obtained from publicly available clinical trials. We will disseminate our results in a peer-reviewed publication. Registration number PROSPERO CRD42020154790.A neural field models the large scale behaviour of large groups of neurons. We extend previous results for these models by including a diffusion term into the neural field, which models direct, electrical connections. We extend known and prove new sun-star calculus results for delay equations to be able to include diffusion and explicitly characterise the essential spectrum. For a certain class of connectivity functions in the neural field model, we are able to compute its spectral properties and the first Lyapunov coefficient of a Hopf bifurcation. By examining a numerical example, we find that the addition of diffusion suppresses non-synchronised steady-states while favouring synchronised oscillatory modes.Centrally administered bombesin induces scratching and grooming in rats. These behaviors were blocked by early benzomorphan kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists as reported by Gmerek and Cowan in 1984. This was the first evidence that KORs may be involved in the sensation of itch-like behaviors. Subsequent development of additional animal models for acute and chronic itch has led to important discoveries since then. For example, it was found that (a) gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), natriuretic polypeptide b and their cognate receptors are keys for the transmission of itch sensation at the spinal cord level, (b) dynorphins (Dyns), the endogenous KOR agonists, work as inhibitory neuromodulators of itch at the spinal cord level, (c) in a mouse model for acute itch, certain KOR antagonists elicit scratching, (d) in mouse models of acute or chronic itch, KOR agonists (e.g., U50,488, nalfurafine, CR 845, nalbuphine) suppress scratching induced by different pruritogens, and (e) nalfurafine, CR 845, and nalbuphine are in the clinic or in clinical trials for pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease, as well as pruritus in chronic skin diseases.
