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Strongylidae egg counts were higher, and the occurrence of Anoplocephalidae eggs was more likely in bachelors than in band stallions, whereas Ascarididae egg counts were higher in band stallions. Strongylidae and Ascarididae egg counts were not increased in lactating females. Strongylidae egg counts were higher in subadults than in foals. Regardless of sex and age, Ascarididae infections were more likely under wet conditions. Co-infections did not affect Strongylidae egg counts. Ascarididae egg counts in adult females were higher when individuals were co-infected with Anoplocephalidae. We present evidence that parasite burdens in plains zebras are affected by life history stage, environmental conditions, and co-infection.The 49th annual meeting of the European Histamine Research Society (EHRS) was planned to be held at 'Die Wolfsburg', Mühlheim an der Ruhr near Düsseldorf in Germany. With the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic, the face-to-face conference meeting was cancelled and instead, the EHRS Council proposed an Online Symposium to keep up the good spirits and research enthusiasm of the Society members. This meeting report summarises two 2 h sessions held on 1st and 2nd July, 2020 and delivered via Blackboard Collaborate. The Online Symposium covered a range of interesting and inspiring topics around the molecular and clinical pharmacology of histamine, with nine exciting presentations delivered by young and senior members of the Society across both days.The intensive medical care of COVID-19 patients presents the deployed personnel with as yet unknown challenges. Niraparib molecular weight For example, protective equipment is now being extensively used, which was otherwise only used in selected situations. Working in such an environment is to be evaluated differently under the aspect of occupational safety than other patient care, especially as more than 1900 suspected cases of a SARS-CoV-19 occupational disease were reported among healthcare workers in Germany. Even in a pandemic, the legal requirements remain valid and personal protective equipment (PPE) has to comply with given standards. The use of FFP3 masks is required in aerosol-forming situations, such as endotracheal intubation or bronchoscopy. In contrast to surgical face masks, there is a maximum wearing time for FFPs masks. Furthermore, in a pandemic there is a basic danger of PPE shortage and recycling of face masks is under discussion. Therefore, usage of non-EU certified PPE may come into effect but this has to follow the requirements defined by European regulations. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the currently relevant rules and regulations in Germany.Modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels has been required in various disorders. GABA itself cannot be directly introduced into central nervous system (CNS) because of the blood brain barrier; inhibition of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which degrades GABA in CNS, has been the target for the modulation of GABA levels in CNS. Given that root extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) has been used for millennia as anti-anxiolytic and sedative, in silico approach was carried out to investigate valerian compounds exhibiting GABA-AT inhibiting activity. The 3D structure of human GABA-AT was created from pig crystal structure via homology modeling. Inhibition of GABA-AT by 18 valerian compounds was analyzed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and compared with known GABA-AT inhibitors such as vigabatrin and valproic acid. Isovaleric acid and didrovaltrate exhibited GABA-AT inhibiting activity in computational analysis, albeit less potent compared with vigabatrin. However, multiple compounds with low activity may have additive effects when the total extract of valeriana root was used in traditional usage. In addition, isovaleric acid shares similar backbone structure to GABA, suggesting that isovaleric acid might be a valuable starting structure for the development of more efficient GABA-AT inhibitors for disorders related with low level of GABA in the CNS.Interstitial lung disease is a common pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Although all connective tissue diseases are linked by underlying autoimmunity, there is significant variability in the presentation and clinical course of interstitial lung disease associated with the different types of connective tissue diseases. In this paper, we review the prevalence, patterns, predictors, and prognosis of interstitial lung disease secondary to the most common forms of connective tissue diseases. We have also highlighted the available evidence regarding treatment options for interstitial lung disease due to different connective tissue diseases.We study traveling waves in a non-local cross-diffusion-type model, where organisms move along gradients in population densities. Such models are valuable for understanding waves of migration and invasion and how directed motion can impact such scenarios. In this paper, we demonstrate the emergence of traveling wave solutions, studying properties of both planar and radial wave fronts in one- and two-species variants of the model. We compute exact traveling wave solutions in the purely diffusive case and then perturb these solutions to analytically capture the influence directed motion has on these exact solutions. Using linear stability analysis, we find that the minimum wavespeeds correspond to the purely diffusive case, but numerical simulations suggest that advection can in general increase or decrease the observed wavespeed substantially, which allows a single species to more rapidly move into unoccupied resource-rich spatial regions or modify the speed of an invasion for two populations. We also find interesting effects from the non-local interactions in the model, suggesting that single species invasions can be enhanced with stronger non-locality, but that invasion of a competitive species may be slowed due to this non-local effect. Finally, we simulate pattern formation behind waves of invasion, showing that directed motion can have substantial impacts not only on wavespeed but also on the existence and structure of emergent patterns, as predicted in the first part of our study (Taylor et al. in Bull Math Biol, 2020).