Weinsteinkirk3201

Although EGb 761, the standardized dry extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, exhibited numerous pharmacological activities and widely used in Asia, European and North America, the quality control of its dosage forms such as tablet mainly relies on monitoring the contents of the active marker components, namely quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C. So far, the in vitro dissolution profiles of EGb761 tablet were barely used to monitor its quality and how these dissolution profiles correlate with their in vivo pharmacokinetics was not known. Thus, the present study was proposed aiming to 1) develop the in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for the marker components in EGb 761 tablet; 2) identify the in vivo relevant dissolution media for the marker components in EGb 761 tablet based on the established IVIVCs. The content analyses of the marker components in EGb 761 tablet was first carried out. Then, the dissolution profiles were further obtained using paddle m profiles using numerical deconvolution. The best-fit dissolution profiles of each marker component in the seven studied media were further used to correlate with its obtained in vivo absorption profile by the linear correlation models to establish the corresponding IVIVCs in each studied medium. Finally, the best in vivo correlated medium for each investigated marker component was selected based on their adjusted correlation coefficients, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (SBC) values. As a result, the dissolution profiles of bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B from EGb 761 tablet in 0.1 M HCl, FaSSGF, FaSSIF-V2 demonstrated the best correlation with their in vivo absorption profiles, respectively. Our current studies for the first time applied the concept of IVIVC to EGb 761 tablet and successfully identified the in vivo relevant dissolution media for its three active marker components to improve its quality control.Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable in Asia, and high-yielding hybrids are needed to cope with the growing demand. A comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with heterosis in two hybrids relative to their parents. Our data suggests that heterosis is underlined by a significant upregulation of gene expression. High expression of DEGs in glycolysis and photosynthesis pathways in hybrids depicted their relation with growth and hybrid vigor. Besides, DEGs related to auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and gibberellin were identified, implying that these hormones may boost the mechanisms of growth and developmental processes in the hybrids. Furthermore, transcription factors, including bHLH, ERF, MYB and WRKY were predicted to regulate downstream genes linked to hybrid vigor. Collectively, the present study will be helpful for a better understanding of the regulation mechanisms of heterosis to aid cabbage yield improvement.Eriocheir sinensis is an important euryhaline catadromous crustacean of the Yangtze River and an important commercial species for breeding in China. However, wild E. sinensis have suffered serious damage attributed to overfishing, climate change, etc. The Ministry of Agriculture of China issued a notice banning the commercial fishing of wild E. sinensis. E. sinensis megalopa migrates upriver into fresh water for growth and fattening, which creates optimal conditions to experimentally explore its hyposaline osmoregulation mechanism. We performed comparative transcriptome analyses of E. sinensis megalopae under hyposaline stress. The results suggest that KEGG pathways and genes related to genetic information processing, developmental regulation, immune and anti-stress responses were differentially expressed. The present study reveals the most significantly enriched pathways and functional gene groups, and explores the hyposaline osmoregulation mode of E. sinensis megalopae. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further studies on the osmoregulation and developmental mechanisms of E. sinensis.In this study, we established the predictive model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) depending on immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) signature, which could not consider the technical bias of different platforms. Furthermore, we explored the predictive model with regard to the immune microenvironment and response to immunotherapy and identified specific drugs targeting the IRGPs model. Twenty-three IRGPs were identified and comprised the predictive model. When compared with the high-risk group, the low-risk group displayed a distinctly favorable prognosis and was characterized by increased immune score and decreased tumor purity. In addition, the low-risk group exhibited higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules, lower tumor stemness index, and was much more sensitive to immunotherapy. selleck kinase inhibitor Lastly, candidate drugs that aimed at LUAD subtype differentiation were identified. The derived IRGPs model is an adverse independent biomarker for estimating oncologic outcomes in LUAD patients, and may be helpful to formulate personalized immunotherapy strategy.

Comparative diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews (DTA reviews) assess the accuracy of two or more tests and compare their diagnostic performance. We investigated how comparative DTA reviews assessed the risk of bias (RoB) in primary studies that compared multiple index tests.

This is an overview of comparative DTA reviews indexed in MEDLINE from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. Two assessors independently identified DTA reviews including at least two index tests and containing at least one statement in which the accuracy of the index tests was compared. Two assessors independently extracted data on the methods used to assess RoB in studies that directly compared the accuracy of multiple index tests.

We included 238 comparative DTA reviews. Only two reviews (0.8%, 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 3.0%) conducted RoB assessment of test comparisons undertaken in primary studies; neither used an RoB tool specifically designed to assess bias in test comparisons.

Assessment of RoB in test comparisons undertaken in primary studies was uncommon in comparative DTA reviews, possibly due to lack of existing guidance on and awareness of potential sources of bias.