Parkehlers2791

INTRODUCTION In spite of the steady progress in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the last 50 years, exceptionally few long-standing drugs are at present used for AD therapy. New interventions that either prevent, slow or stop the disease are urgently warranted to overcome the growing AD burden. AIMS The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding new drug development and biomarkers for better understanding and focused management of AD. METHODS This article reviews the various potential and existing target /receptor with valid biomarkers applied in the recent years to address the early-stage tasks of the AD drug discovery process. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the new approaches seem to aim at examining the prospective neuroprotective activity of diseasemodifying drugs in the pre-symptomatic phases of AD, using biomarkers that detect progression of the disease before the growth of overt dementia. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the recent advances in the treatment of this condition, patients´ prognosis remains unfavorable in most cases. Sacubitril/valsartan and ivabradine have been recently approved to improve clinical outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Drugs under investigation for treating patients with HF encompass many novel mechanisms including vasoactive peptides, blocking inflammatory-mediators, natriuretic peptides, selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, myocardial β3 adrenoreceptor agonists, inhibiting the cytochrome C/cardiolipin peroxidase complex, neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling and inhibiting late inward sodium current. The aim of this manuscript is to review the main drugs under investigation for the treatment of patients with HF and give perspectives for their implementation into clinical practice. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in human metabolism and some of its metabolic actions are mediated by a positive "cross-talk" with Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) and the key metabolic transcriptional coregulator Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2). INTRODUCTION Our study is an "in situ" morphological evaluation of the communication between ERβ, NFAT and TIF2 in morbid obesity. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and with the presence of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were also explored. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ERβ and NFAT in the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and related comorbidities. We have investigated the expression of specific proteins using immunochemistry methodologies. METHODS Our population consists of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery, during which biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver and the differential protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrated an extensive intra- and inter-tissue co-expression network, which confirms the tissue-specific and integral role of each one of the investigated proteins in morbid obesity. Moreover, a beneficial role of ERβ and NFATc1 against NAFLD is implicated, whereas the distinct roles of TIF2 still remain an enigma. CONCLUSIONS We believe that our findings will shed light on the complex underlying mechanisms and that the investigated biomarkers could represent future targets for the prevention and therapy of obesity and its comorbidities. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder of autoimmune etiology. SKF-34288 datasheet OBJECTIVE To familiarize physicians with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric alopecia areata. METHODS The search term 'Alopecia areata' was entered into a Pubmed search. A narrow scope was applied to the categories of 'epidemiology', 'clinical diagnosis', 'investigations', 'comorbidities', and 'treatment'. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. Only papers published in the English language were included. A descriptive, narrative synthesis was provided of the retrieved articles. RESULTS AA is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is the third most common dermatologic presentation in children with a lifetime risk of 1-2%. Diagnosing AA can be made on the basis of the history and clinical findings. Patients will often present with patchy, non-scarring hair loss generally affecting the scalp. History may reveal a personal or family medical history of autoimmune or atopic disease or a recent stressful event. Tricoscopic examination will classically show "exclamation point hairs" and "yellow dots". Nonspecific nail changes may be present. Other clinical variants include alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, ophiasis, sisaipho, and Canitis subita. There are multiple treatment options for AA including conservative treatment, and topical, oral, and injectable medications. CONCLUSION AA is an autoimmune disease with a heterogenous presentation and unpredictable clinical course. Although there is no cure for AA, there are many current treatment options available to help manage this disfiguring disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Thiazolidinoneones are important pharmaceutical compounds because of their biological activities. Several methods for the synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones arewidely reported in the literature. The main synthetic routes to synthesize 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones involve three components reaction between amine, a carbonyl compound and thioglycolic acid. OBJECTIVE s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O3@SiO2-Pr @s-proline) were prepared. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles againt four bacteras was investigated that showed that 30 Mg/L of synthesized nanoparticles is the suitable concentration for bacterial inhibitory. Finally, the catalytic application of the synthesized s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic nanoparticles for the synthesis of thiazolidinones and pyrazolyl thiazolidinones under stirring in aqeous media was evaluated. All of synthesized organic compounds were characterized by mp, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. METHOD A combination of aldehyde (1.