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The perception of KM and willingness to receive KM treatments were mediated by previous KM experiences. A higher accessibility towards KM treatments are necessary. © 2020 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.A 75-year-old male evaluated for pancytopenia. Abnormal lymphocytes with hairy projections noted on peripheral blood. Bone marrow examination showed diffuse proliferation of CD20+ B-lymphocytes. Flowcytometry revealed monoclonal lambda-restricted B-cells expressing CD19, CD20, CD11c, CD103, CD25 and CD123, negative for CD5 and CD10. Additional staining showed positivity for cyclin-D1, Annexin-A1 and TRAP. FISH identified t(11;14). PCR was positive for BRAF V600E. Given the above findings, nonspecificity of t(11;14) and the presence of BRAF V600E; the diagnosis of HCL was favored. Patient achieved CR with infusional cladribine. Herein, we report the co-occurrence of CCND1/IGH and BRAF V600E in HCL, a rare scenario that could characterize a new subtype of HCL. © 2020 The Authors.A 67-year old female with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and generalized anxiety disorder presents with three episodes of severe hypercapnic respiratory failure over the previous three months without a clear precipitant that were treated with invasive and non-invasive ventilation. These episodes were labelled as acute exacerbations of COPD, however she lacked any typical features or triggers and responded faster than expected to treatment and she underwent extensive investigations to identify an alternative etiology. While admitted and under observation, she became extremely anxious, began to hyperventilate and went into hypercapnic respiratory failure, which was successfully aborted with sublingual lorazepam causing resolution of tachypnea. It became clear that the patient was suffering from panic attacks as the precipitant for her respiratory failure and she was successfully treated with psychiatric medication and breakthrough anxiolytics. Anxiety and panic disorders are more prevalent in patients with COPD than the general population and effective management is important as patient's with anxiety and COPD have worse clinical outcomes than with COPD alone. Additionally, panic attacks should be considered as an etiology for hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with COPD and anxiety when the clinical presentation is atypical. Crown Copyright © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Granulomatous polyangiitis (GPA) is a multiple systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in GPA is still challenging in clinical practice, however, other extrapulmonary manifestations, serology, and histopathology may help the diagnosis of GPA. This case series was of limed GPA with one of the largest pulmonary nodules which had a poor treatment response in contrast with previous literature. © 2020 The Authors.We describe a patient who developed severe tracheal stenosis while on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Bronchoscopic-guided balloon dilatation succeeded in managing this disorder. Diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion because symptoms are usually attributed to co-existing pulmonary disease and airway lesions are not detectable on chest x-ray. Interventional bronchoscopy is employed to restore airway patency once significant stenosis develops. Should bronchoscopic measures fail, surgical options can be considered. © 2020 The Authors.A 50-year-old male presented to our hospital complaining of dry cough and slight fever. A chest CT scan showed a mass in the right upper lung lobe, pleural effusion on both sides, and multiple liver tumors. He was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and then antitumor chemotherapy was started. Thereafter, his condition deteriorated rapidly, and died 2 days later. An autopsy revealed that the cause of death was ruptured liver metastases. SCLC is a highly invasive disease and often metastasizes to the liver, but the rupture of liver metastases is rare. Clinical features and imaging findings were of a great help in diagnosing ruptured hepatic metastasis. Physicians need to pay attention to this condition, especially after chemotherapy has initiated. © 2020 The Authors."Vaping" is a rapidly growing habit seen worldwide, especially amongst the younger population. Several aspects of vaping have made it more appealing than cigarettes and have lead to the conversion of many smokers. Appeal resides in the belief that it is a healthier alternative to cigarettes. It also has the ability to interchange flavors and type of oil used. The focus of advertisement for vaporized products is its use as a smoking cessation aid. Systematic reviews have failed to display evidence of harmful processes other than exposure to nicotine (Bullen et al., 2013; Burstyn, 2013) [1,2]. We report a clinical case of a woman who suffered diffuse alveolar hemorrhage correlated with e-cigarette usage due to history and negative findings of extensive rheumatologic and infectious disease workup. Her presentation, clinical course, and effective therapy are outlined here. selleckchem © 2020 The Authors.A pulmonary vein occlusion and biopsy proven pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and hemangiomatosis is found in a bilateral lung transplant patient. A 61-year-old male presents with dyspnea and chest pain with minimal exertion at routine follow up on post-transplant day of 50. Chest CT demonstrates new occlusion of bilateral superior pulmonary veins and diffuse pulmonary edema. Pulmonary vein occlusion is confirmed by trans-esophageal echocardiogram, and PVOD and hemangiomatosis is corroborated with lung biopsy. Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and reduced DLCO are also consistent with PVOD. Vigilant evaluation of large pulmonary venous thrombus is as important as of arterial thrombus in a postsurgical transplant status. A dedicated protocol of pulmonary venous phase scan would be beneficial to identify subtle pulmonary venous abnormalities. Although PVOD/PCH is normally considered in patients with nonspecific PAH symptoms, lacking of direct manifestation of PAH should not dismiss the diagnosis of PVOD/PCH, particularly in lung transplant individuals with large pulmonary vein occlusion, progressive respiratory symptoms, DLCO abnormalities, and pulmonary congestion since it may represent a wide spectrum of occlusive vascular disease.