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rast and sharper outlines of lesions and organs.Imaging of dextrocardia in humans requires an understanding of the orientation of the heart chambers and walls. There are many types of cardiac malpositioning, such as dextrocardia (with or without situs inversus), mesocardia, and levocardia. Valproic acid solubility dmso Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy of dextrocardia has been explained in case reports and imaging atlases; however, myocardial viability assessment using nuclear medicine imaging techniques is less documented in the literature. Methods In 2 cases of dextrocardia with situs inversus and 1 case of mesocardia, myocardial viability was assessed using 99mTc-sestamibi rest perfusion scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET. Cardiac SPECT images of dextrocardia with situs inversus were acquired using the feet-first supine position with a 180° arc from left anterior oblique to right posterior oblique, whereas a right-lateral-to-left-lateral arc was used for mesocardia. The processing and reconstruction were done by entering the dataset for the feet-first supine position and repeating after e most useful method of matching the septum and lateral wall orientation for interpretation of images.The present study aimed to optimize the injected dose of 18F-FDG in whole-body PET/CT scans and assess its effect on noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) and visual image quality (IQ). Methods Patients scheduled to undergo 18F-FDG PET/CT were prospectively recruited in the study from January to December 2019, regardless of the indication or underlying disease. Patients were divided into 4 groups and injected with different amounts of 18F-FDG radioactivity per kilogram of body weight (1.85, 3.7, 5.5, and 7.4 MBq/kg). All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT studies, and NECRlocal was calculated by noting the trues rate, total prompts, and randoms rate for each bed position. Whole-body NECRglobal was calculated as the average NECR for all bed positions. IQ was qualitatively assessed for each bed position (IQlocal) and for whole-body PET (IQglobal) by 2 readers using 5-point scores based on prevalence of noise, contrast, and lesion detectability. NECR and IQ were compared among all 4 activity groups. Patients were also subdivided into 4 body-mass-index groups (group I, 15-20 kg/m2; group II, 20.1-25 kg/m2; group III, 25.1-30 kg/m2; and group IV, 30.1-35 kg/m2) for comparison. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results In total, 109 patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT studies after injection of different amounts of 18F-FDG radioactivity and a mean uptake time of 62.32 min. The mean NECRglobal and IQglobal for each group were significantly different from other groups (P 0.05). NECRlocal and IQlocal correlated moderately (r = 0.64). Conclusion Optimization of injected 18F-FDG radioactivity from 7.4 MBq/kg (200 μCi/kg) to 1.85 MBq/kg (50 μCi/kg) resulted in acceptable IQ, despite a reduction in NECR.Active surveillance for patients with esophageal cancer with a clinically complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is being studied. Active surveillance requires accurate clinical response evaluations (CREs). 18F-FDG PET/CT might be able to detect local tumor recurrence after nCRT as soon as the esophagus recovers from radiation-induced esophagitis. The aims of this study were to assess the value of serial 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect local recurrence in patients beyond 3 months after nCRT and to determine when radiation-induced esophagitis has resolved. Methods This retrospective multicenter study selected patients with a cCR after nCRT, who initially declined surgery and subsequently underwent active surveillance. CREs included 18F-FDG PET/CT, endoscopic biopsies and endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration at regular intervals. Maximum standardized uptake values normalized for lean body mass (SULmax) were measured at the primary tumor site. The percentage change in SULmax (Δ%hese findings warrant further evaluation in a larger cohort.Non-invasive methods to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling are urgently needed to reveal the complexity of GR signaling in normal physiology and human disorders, as well as to identify selective GR modulators to treat diseases. Here, we report evidence supporting translational studies with (±)-[11C]-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-chromeno[3,4-f ]-quinoline (named as (±)-[11C]YJH08), a radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) that engages the ligand binding domain on GR. Methods (±)-[11C]YJH08 was synthesized by reacting the phenol precursor with [11C]methyl iodide. The biodistribution was studied in vivo with PET/CT and autoradiography. A library of analogues were synthesized and studied in vitro and in vivo to understand the (±)-[11C]YJH08 structure activity relationship. Rodent dosimetry studies were performed to estimate the human equivalent doses of (±)-[11C]YJH08. Results (±)-[11C]YJH08 was synthesized by reaction of the phenolic precursor with [11C]methy.Purpose We investigated the value of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET for treatment monitoring of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) or targeted therapy (TT) alone or in combination with radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases (BM) since contrast-enhanced MRI often remains inconclusive. Methods We retrospectively identified 40 patients with 107 BM secondary to melanoma (n = 29 with 75 BM) or non-small cell lung cancer (n = 11 with 32 BM) treated with ICI or TT who had 18F-FET PET (n = 60 scans) for treatment monitoring from 2015-2019. The majority of patients (n = 37; 92.5%) had radiotherapy during the course of disease. In 27 patients, 18F-FET PET was used for the differentiation of treatment-related changes from BM relapse following ICI or TT. In 13 patients, 18F-FET PET was performed for response assessement to ICI or TT using baseline and follow-up scans (median time between scans, 4.2 months). In all lesions, static and dynamic 18F-FET PET parameters were obtained (i.e., mean tumor-to-brain ratios (TBR), time-to-peak values). Diagnostic accuracies of PET parameters were evaluated by receiver-operating-characteristic analyses using the clinical follow-up or neuropathological findings as reference. Results A TBR threshold of 1.95 differentiated BM relapse from treatment-related changes with an accuracy of 85% (P = 0.003). Metabolic responders to ICI or TT on 18F-FET PET had a significantly longer stable follow-up (threshold of TBR reduction relative to baseline, ≥10%; accuracy, 82%; P = 0.004). Furthermore, at follow-up, time-to-peak values in metabolic responders increased significantly (P = 0.019). Conclusion18F-FET PET may add valuable information for treatment monitoring in BM patients treated with ICI or TT.