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01) during fellowship. Fewer GO fellows noted that they were permitted to use educational funds for GCE when compared with the other subspecialties (P < 0.01). Most fellows responded that the inability to take GCE during fellowship would decrease their satisfaction with fellowship, and this was significantly higher than PD estimates (78% vs 39%, P < 0.01).

There are significant differences in reported ability to take GCE during fellowship across different obstetrics and gynecology subspecialty fellowships. Program directors significantly underestimate fellow dissatisfaction with inability to take GCE during fellowship.

There are significant differences in reported ability to take GCE during fellowship across different obstetrics and gynecology subspecialty fellowships. Program directors significantly underestimate fellow dissatisfaction with inability to take GCE during fellowship.

The study was planned to identify the sexuality and life experiences of Muslim Turkish women with urinary incontinence (UI) within 12 months postpartum.

A qualitative study was conducted using a semistructured interview. Data were collected between July and December 2019 via an in-depth, face-to-face interview technique using an interview form. The qualitative data obtained in this study were analyzed with the content analysis technique.

The main themes related to sexuality and life experiences of the women with UI in the postpartum period were identified as "problems in daily life," "emotional effects," "baby-related effects," and "spouse's and family's attitudes."

As a result, it was found that women in the postpartum period were affected by UI in terms of behavioral, emotional, and social aspects.

As a result, it was found that women in the postpartum period were affected by UI in terms of behavioral, emotional, and social aspects.

It is controversial that the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We wanted to investigate whether HCV really affect to renal function, also to analyze the association between clinical effects of CHC and decreased kidney function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level.

The 3360 patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 3360 age and sex matched community based control individuals without HCV were enrolled (11, case and control ratio) in this study between 2004 and 2016. We used the Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MRDR) for calculate eGFR. Demographic and laboratory parameters were assessed and appropriate statistical methods were performed for the analysis.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR-0.998; 95% CI - 0.997-0.999; p=0.001) level, platelet (OR-0.997; 95% CI - 0.995-0.999; p=0.002) count and hypertension (OR-1.31; 95% CI - 1.03-1.66; p=0.027) were significantly associated with HCV infection and serum triglycerides (OR-1.001; 95% CI -1.00-1.002; p=0.005) level, platelet (OR-0.996; 95% CI - 0.995-0.997; p<0.001) count, BMI>25 (OR-1.43; 95% CI- 1.23-1.67; p<0.001), hypertension (OR-1.69; 95% CI - 1.42-1.99; p<0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR- 1.32; 95% CI - 1.02-1.71; p=0.035) and diabetes (OR-1.33; 95% CI-1.03-1.71; p=0.032) were significantly associated with low eGFR (<90ml/min/m3) in control subjects. The BMI >25kg/m2, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with low eGFR interaction with the HCV infection by multivariate analysis.

Our study indicated that the patients with HCV infection are associated with low eGFR compared with non HCV infected patients. This association is consistent in obese, diabetic and hypertensive patients.

Our study indicated that the patients with HCV infection are associated with low eGFR compared with non HCV infected patients. This association is consistent in obese, diabetic and hypertensive patients.

Currently, as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, rapidly obtaining accurate information of patient symptoms and their progression is crucial and vital. Although the early studies in China have illustrated that the representative symptoms of COVID-19 include (dry) cough, fever, headache, fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort, dyspnea, and muscle pain, there is increasing evidence to suggest that olfactory and taste disorder are related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we conduct this study to review the present literature about the correlation between anosmia or dysgeusia and COVID-19.

A comprehensive literature search in 2020 of the electronic journal databases, mainly PubMed or Web of Science, was performed using the keywords COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with hyposmia, anosmia, dysgeusia, olfactory disorder, or olfactory dysfunction. The country, study period, case number, inpatient or outpatient medical visit, evaluation method (subjective complaints of dysfunction or objective evaluation), and occurrence rate of olfactory or gustatory function were reviewed.

Many studies reported that the recoverable olfactory or gustatory dysfunction may play an important role as the early clinical symptom of COVID-19. It is associated with better prognosis, although further investigation and validation should be carried out.

Studies have shown that smell and taste disturbances may represent an early symptom of COVID-19 and healthcare professionals must be very vigilant when managing patients with these symptoms. In the pandemic era, this implies testing for COVID-19 by healthcare workers with full personal protective equipment.

Studies have shown that smell and taste disturbances may represent an early symptom of COVID-19 and healthcare professionals must be very vigilant when managing patients with these symptoms. In the pandemic era, this implies testing for COVID-19 by healthcare workers with full personal protective equipment.

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture. Patients received lumbar puncture were previously suggested to remain in bed for a certain time to prevent PDPH; however, this concept was challenged by recent studies. BX471 We aimed to investigate whether ambulation instead of resting supine following lumbar puncture could increase the risk of PDPH.

The study used a prospective cohort design, applying convenience sampling among patients who received diagnostic lumbar puncture between January and September 2018 in the neurology ward of a tertiary medical center. The patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were informed that the current practice suggests lying supine for six to eight hours after lumbar puncture, but they were allowed to either follow the suggestion or ambulate by their wills. The timing of bed rest was recorded, in addition to other possible risk factors of PDPH. The study endpoint is the presence or absence of PDPH within 48 hours of lumbar puncture.

A total of 137 patients received lumbar puncture were enrolled, including 103 with bed-rest following lumbar puncture and 34 without.