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To investigate the characteristics of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) recurrence.

A total of 573 patients with DFUs were recruited and divided into an initial group (395 patients) and a recurrence group (178 patients). The factors related to recurrence were analyzed using multivariate regression.

The recurrence group had longer diabetes duration (odds ratio [OR] 192; 95% confidence interval 120, 252 vs. 156; 96, 240); lower glycated hemoglobin levels (OR 8.1; 95% CI 6.8, 9.6 vs. 9.1; 7.4, 10.5), and higher rates than the initial group of amputation (37.5% vs. 2.0%), history of vascular intervention (21.3% vs. 3.9%), retinopathy (77.7% vs. 64.7%), callus (44.4% vs. 20.8%), foot deformity (51.2% vs. 24.6%), and outdoor sports shoe wearing (34.0% vs. 21.2%). Multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes duration (OR 1.004), callus (OR 2.769), vascular intervention (OR 2.824) and amputation (OR 22.256) were independent risk factors for DFU recurrence.

Diabetes duration, callus, history of vascular intervention, and amputation were independent risk factors for recurrent DFUs in a cohort of Chinese patients with active DFU. The prevention and treatment of DFUs, especially callus treatment, foot care, and blood glucose control, should be improved in China.

Diabetes duration, callus, history of vascular intervention, and amputation were independent risk factors for recurrent DFUs in a cohort of Chinese patients with active DFU. The prevention and treatment of DFUs, especially callus treatment, foot care, and blood glucose control, should be improved in China.Lipid metabolism dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Reportedly, arsenic exposure could affect lipid metabolism, but this finding remains controversial. Herein, we updated and reevaluated evidence regarding the relationship between arsenic exposure and lipid metabolism. Electronic and manual searches were performed to determine the effect of arsenic exposure on lipid metabolism from inception up to 30 November 2019. Overall, five studies were included in our meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted information. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the combined effects of four indicators related to lipid metabolism (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]). Afterwards, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Begg's test. In this study, we observed that arsenic exposure can affect lipid metabolism by reducing serum HDL levels and increasing serum LDL levels. Following subgroup analysis, the arsenic concentration appeared to affect lipid metabolism. Funnel plot and Begg's test suggested no asymmetry. In conclusion, we recommend that potential influencing factors, including age, exposure time, and multiple concentration gradients, should be considered to further explore the relationship between arsenic exposure and lipid metabolism.Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) can experience hemorrhagic or ischemic vascular events. The prevention of these complications is challenging, and the overall risk of vascular events caused by ET is often overlooked. A 34-year-old man was admitted for a 10-day history of weakness and numbness in his right limbs. He had been diagnosed with ET in 2008 but had stopped receiving treatment half a year before admission. Physical examination showed a superficial sense of disturbance in the right limbs and decreased muscle strength in the right upper and lower limbs (4/5). His platelet count (459 × 109/L) was elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging showed acute watershed infarction, and he was treated successfully. However, he was readmitted for headache and left limb weakness 14 months later. A head computed tomography scan revealed spontaneous subdural hemorrhage. He underwent subdural hematoma removal and decompressive craniectomy. Surgery and pathological investigation revealed no venous sinus thrombosis or vascular malformation. His condition improved, and he exhibited a stable condition 1 year after discharge. Successive development of ischemic stroke and spontaneous subdural hemorrhage is rare in a patient with ET. This case suggests that ET is not only a risk factor for stroke but can also cause highly heterogeneous strokes.

Adequate dialysis is of great importance for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This study aimed to develop and validate an easily applicable quantitative dialysis adequacy risk scoring system in CAPD patients based on laboratory parameters from a single blood draw.

A total of 634 CAPD patients from four study centers were enrolled in this study (345 and 289 patients in development and validation groups, respectively). A risk score model for inadequate dialysis was developed based on multivariate regression analysis, which was validated by the area under the receiver operator curve and calibrated by a calibration curve.

Seven independent predictors for inadequate dialysis were identified in the development group (male sex, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, being overweight, hyperuricemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <4.7 mL/min/1.73 m

, and serum creatinine >800 μmol/L). A risk prediction score model was established and validated in the development and validation groups. Further analysis indicated that this model is suitable for CAPD patients with a wide range of clinical manifestations.

An easily applicable novel risk scoring system was established to detect inadequate dialysis in CAPD patients.

An easily applicable novel risk scoring system was established to detect inadequate dialysis in CAPD patients.Macroautophagy/autophagy is known to be important for intracellular quality control in the lens. GJA8 is a major gap junction protein in vertebrate lenses. Mutations in GJA8 cause cataracts in humans. The well-known cataractogenesis mechanism is that mutated GJA8 leads to abnormal assembly of gap junctions, resulting in defects in intercellular communication among lens cells. In this study, we observed that ablation of Gja8b (a homolog of mammalian GJA8) in zebrafish led to severe defects in organelle degradation, an important cause of cataractogenesis in developing lens. GSK-3 cancer The role of autophagy in organelle degradation in lens remains disputable. Intriguingly, we also observed that ablation of Gja8b induced deficient autophagy in the lens. More importantly, in vivo treatment of zebrafish with rapamycin, an autophagy activator that inhibits MAPK/JNK and MTORC1 signaling, stimulated autophagy in the lens and relieved the defects in organelle degradation, resulting in the mitigation of cataracts in gja8b mutant zebrafish.