Pehrsonborg2908

Results For both policies, smoking initiation reduced following implementation (change in legal age OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.55-0.81; smoke-free legislation OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.56-0.82), while inequalities in initiation narrowed over subsequent years. The legal age change was associated with annual increases in progression from initiation to occasional smoking (OR1.26; 95% CI 1.07-1.50) and a reduction in quitting following implementation (OR0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.94). Similar effects were observed for smoke-free legislation but confidence intervals overlapping the null. Conclusions Policies such as these may be highly effective in preventing and reducing socioeconomic inequalities in youth smoking initiation.Study question Do changes in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8)-like 2 (TIPE2) levels in endometrium of patients with adenomyosis alter the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of endometrial cells? Summary answer TIPE2 expression levels were low in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis patients, and TIPE2 inhibited the migration and invasion of endometrial cells, mainly by targeting β-catenin, to reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). What is known already Adenomyosis is a benign disease, but it has some pathophysiological characteristics similar to the malignant tumor. TIPE2 is a novel negative immune regulatory molecule, and it also participates in the development of malignant tumors. Study design, size, duration Control endometrium (n = 48 women with non-endometrial diseases) and eutopic/ectopic endometrium from patients with adenomyosis (n = 50), human endometrial cancer cell lines, and primary endometrial cells from the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis on of China (81471437, 81771554), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (ZR2018MH013), Science and technology development plan provided by Health and Family Planning Committee in Shandong (2014-25). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.Background Fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) are superior to BMI and fat percentage in evaluating nutritional status. However, existing references fail to account for racial/ethnic differences in body composition among children. Objectives Our goal was to produce age-based normative references for FFMI and FMI in children for specific racial/ethnic groups. Methods Body composition, weight, and height were measured in 1122 normal healthy children aged 2-21 y. Bone mineral content measured by DXA, total body water by deuterium dilution, and total body potassium by whole-body γ counting were combined to calculate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) using equations based on the Reference Child and Adolescent models. FFMI and FMI were calculated by dividing FFM and FM by height squared, respectively. After outlier removal, the LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) function within R's GAMLSS package was used to produce age-based FFMI and FMI growth curves for black (B), white (W), and Hispanic (H) children for each sex. Combined models were produced in cases where outcomes did not differ by race/ethnicity. Resulting models were compared with previously published FFMI and FMI models. Results FFMI and FMI models based on 1079 children, aged 2-21 y, were created for both sexes. FFMI models for B children showed higher values throughout. W and H children were combined to produce FFMI models for each sex. H boys were modeled individually for FMI, whereas W and B boys were combined. FMI models for girls were created for each race/ethnicity. Models agreed well with those based on children from the United Kingdom of comparable race/ethnicity. Conclusions Race/ethnicity-specific references for FFMI and FMI will increase the accuracy of health and nutrition status assessment in children over race/ethnicity-generic references. The models allow the calculation of SD scores to assess health and nutrition status in children.Background Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] tend to be lower in African Americans than in non-Hispanic whites, but whether adding information on parathyroid hormone (PTH) can help explain the higher cardiometabolic risk among African Americans is unknown. Objectives This study examined race (black/white)-specific independent and joint associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with cardiometabolic biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B). Methods Among 1500 white and 1300 black postmenopausal women without cardiovascular disease from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a weighted linear regression analysis and a novel penalized spline-based semiparametric model with contour plots, accounting for possible nonlinear relations and interactions simultaneously, were used to investigate the race-specific independent and joint associatne system contribute to racial disparities in cardiovascular health.Background Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthases prevented diabetes in animal studies. Objectives We sought to evaluate prospective associations of serum sphingolipids with incident diabetes in a population-based cohort. Methods We included 2010 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) aged 18-74 y who were free of diabetes and other major chronic diseases at baseline (2008-2011). Metabolomic profiling of fasting serum was performed using a global, untargeted approach. A total of 43 sphingolipids were quantified and, considering subclasses and chemical structures of individual species, 6 sphingolipid scores were constructed. see more Diabetes status was assessed using standard procedures including blood tests. Multivariable survey Poisson regressions were applied to estimate RR and 95% CI of incident diabetes associated with individual sphingolipids or sphingolipid scores. Results There were 224 incident cases of diabetes identified during, on avudy was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344.Background Exercise and increased dietary protein have been linked to improved muscle and cognitive health, but the combination may be more effective. Objective In this study performed in community-dwelling older adults undergoing a 3-d/wk resistance-based exercise training program, we investigated whether those who consumed lean red meat compared to carbohydrates on the 3 training days per wk would experience greater exercise-induced improvements in total body and leg lean mass (LM), muscle strength, and executive function (multiple primary outcomes), as well as muscle size and density, functional performance, cognition, inflammatory and neurotrophic markers, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations. Design In a 24-wk, 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial, 154 adults aged ≥65 y participated in a multicomponent 3-d/wk resistance-based exercise program with random allocation to either a lean red meat group (two 80-g servings of cooked red meat), the exercise plus lean red meat (Ex + Meat) group (n = 77) or a control group receiving carbohydrates in the form of one-half cup (approximately 225 g cooked weight) of rice or pasta or 1 medium potato, the exercise plus carbohydrate control (C + Ex) group (n = 77), on the training days.