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To be smoker, but not non-smoker, significantly influenced smoking craving VAS induced by smoking cue VR but not by neutral VR. No significant food craving changes was observed during the VR sessions. The new finding was that EEG alpha band power in posterior leads was significantly increased by the smoking context scenario only in smokers, and that the degree of smoking (i.e., heavy vs. light) was significantly associated to this neurophysiological measure.
This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity.
This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy after technetium-99 (Tc
) localization is a mainstay of oncologic breast surgery. The timing of Tc
injection can complicate operating room schedules, which can cause increasing overall costs of care and patient discomfort.
This study compared 59 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Based on the surgeon's choice, 29 patients were treated with Tc
, and 30 patients received the iron-based tracer, Magtrace. The primary outcomes were time spent on the care pathway and operating time from commissioning of the probe to removal of the sentinel node. The secondary outcomes were patient pain levels and reimbursement.
The mean time spent on the preoperative breast cancer care pathway was significantly shorter for the Magtrace group (5.4 ± 1.3min) than for the Tc
group (82 ± 20min) (p < 0.0001). The median time from probe usage to sentinel node extirpation was slightly but not significantly shorter in the Magtrace group (5min; interquartile range [IQR], 3-15min vs 10min; IQR, 7-15min; p = 0.151). learn more Reimbursement and pain levels remained unchanged, and the hospital length of stay was similar in the two groups (Magtrace 5.1 ± 2.3days vs Tc
4.5 ± 3.2days).
Magtrace localization shortened the preoperative care pathway and did not affect surgical time or reimbursement. Once established, it could allow for cost reduction and improve patient comfort.
Magtrace localization shortened the preoperative care pathway and did not affect surgical time or reimbursement. Once established, it could allow for cost reduction and improve patient comfort.Phytoplankton are important biological indicators of water quality. This current study assessed the physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton diversity of Mandakini River, an important tributary of the River Ganga. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected from three sampling sites located at three different altitudes for a period of twelve months (July 2018-June 2019). Water samples were analyzed for fourteen important physicochemical parameters along with the identification of phytoplankton by following the standard methodology. A total of 21 species of phytoplankton under three major groups Bacillariophyceae (Cymbella aequalis, Diatoma vulgaris, Fragilaria arcus, Frustulia rhomboids, Gomphonema geminatum, Navicula confervacea, Nitzchia diversa, and Synedra ulna); Chlorophyceae (Volvox sp., Cladophora glomerata, Closterium longissima, Hydrodictyon sp., Microspora amoena, Spirogyra sp., Oedogonium sp., Ulothrix zonata, and Zygnema cylindrospermum); and Cyanophyceae (Anabaena ambigua, Chlorococcum humicola, Nodularia sp., and Oscillatoria sancta) were observed and recorded during the study period. Site S3 (Rudraprayag) had the highest species diversity. From this study, the effect of physicochemical parameters on the diversity and density of phytoplankton was observed. It also includes the overall significance of phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters to the water quality of the Mandakini River along with the key factors that were responsible for the degradation of water quality. The current study also provides baseline information to future researchers working in a similar discipline.Patient-specific models of blood flow are being used clinically to diagnose and plan treatment for coronary artery disease. A remaining challenge is bridging scales from flow in arteries to the micro-circulation supplying the myocardium. Previously proposed models are descriptive rather than predictive and have not been applied to human data. The goal here is to develop a multiscale patient-specific model enabling blood flow simulation from large coronary arteries to myocardial tissue. Patient vasculatures are segmented from coronary computed tomography angiography data and extended from the image-based model down to the arteriole level using a space-filling forest of synthetic trees. Blood flow is modeled by coupling a 1D model of the coronary arteries to a single-compartment Darcy myocardium model. Simulated results on five patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease compare overall well to [[Formula see text]O][Formula see text]O PET exam data for both resting and hyperemic conditions. Results on a patient with severe obstructive disease link coronary artery narrowing with impaired myocardial blood flow, demonstrating the model's ability to predict myocardial regions with perfusion deficit. This is the first report of a computational model for simulating blood flow from the epicardial coronary arteries to the left ventricle myocardium applied to and validated on human data.Although executive functioning has traditionally been studied in "cool" settings removed from emotional contexts, it is highly relevant in "hot" emotionally salient settings such as reward processing. Furthermore, brain structures related to "cool" executive functioning and "hot" reward-related processes develop simultaneously, yet little is known about how executive functioning modulates neural processes related to reward processing during adolescence, a period of time when these systems are still developing. The present study examined how performance on "cool" behavioral executive functioning measures moderates neural reward processing. Youths (N = 43, Mage = 13.74 years, SD = 1.81 years) completed a child-friendly monetary incentive delay task during fMRI acquisition that captures neural responses to reward anticipation and to reward receipt and omission. Performance on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility measures, captured outside the scanner, was used to predict brain activation and seed-based connectivity (ventral striatum and amygdala).
