Thygesenhyllested7157

The impacts of WWTPs effluents on nutrients removal and epiphytic microbial community in constructed wetlands dominated by submersed macrophytes remain to be fully illustrated. In this study, compared to M. Spicatum, artificial submersed macrophytes (control) generally had higher NH4+-N (78.35% vs 80.52%) and TN (73.35% vs 90.25%) removal rates and similar COD (70.64% vs 70.80%) and TP (59.86% vs 60.82%) removal rates in wetlands receiving simulated effluents of WWTPs (GB18918-2002). Microbial population richness was higher in epiphytic biofilms on M. Spicatum than artificial ones, and substrates played the most decisive role in determining the microbial diversities. Network analysis revealed that there were more complex interactions among environmental parameters, bacteria and eukaryotes in M. Spicatum systems than in artificial ones. Nutrients in effluents could cause damage to M. Spicatum. The results highlight that artificial plants have better performance on effluents deep treatments than submerged plants.The influence of Streptomyces griseorubens JSD-1 on microbial community succession during rice straw composting in an industrial-scale fermenter was assessed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Compared to uninoculated control, JSD-1 inoculation effectively raised composting temperature and improved other maturation indices. JSD-1 inoculation increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in thermophilic phase and Firmicutes in cooling and maturation phases. At the genus level, JSD-1 inoculation increased the abundance of organic matter degrading bacteria (Virgibacillus) and lignocellulose degrading fungi (Chaetomium and Melanocarpus); while it decreased the abundance of pathogenic fungi (Geosmithia and Acremonium). Moreover, JSD-1 changed microbes that differed significantly and altered the key connecting nodes of microbial community. Organic matter and temperature were the most significant indices that had mutual influences on bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. This study demonstrated that JSD-1 was an effective inoculant on rice straw fast composting in the industrial-scale fermenter.The efficient removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) is vital to eliminating black and odorous water bodies. In this work, tidal flow constructed wetlands with gravel (TFCW-G) and with a mixture of zeolite and gravel (TFCW-Z) were set up to treat black and odorous water bodies at different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). Results showed that zeolite significantly enhanced nitrogen removal, and the maximum NH4+-N removal efficiency of 96.69% was achieved in TFCW-Z at HLR of 3 m·d-1 with a flooding and drying cycle of 2 h. Zeolite addition changed the microbial community structure and the abundance of nitrification genes. Comammox Nitrospira was the only enriched strain accounting for NH4+-N removal in TFCW-G, while the co-occurrence of comammox Nitrospira and the canonical and potential ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were identified in TFCW-Z. Summarily, high performance, together with low footprint and low maintenance cost, are characteristics that make the TFCW-Z a promising and competitive alternative.A promising pretreatment mediated by biomass-derived deep eutectic solvent (DES) with choline chloride to lactic acid was implemented to overcome the recalcitrant structure of poplar sawdust for effective enzymatic hydrolysis and valorized lignin. Results showed the DES applied was strongly selective towards removal of lignin and xylan while preserving cellulose. Under the optimal pretreatment condition (DES ratio 12, temperature 130 °C, time1.5 h), the glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis was 75.8%. Chemical and structure changes of recovered lignin were evaluated to gauge its valorization potential. It indicated that the recovered lignin possessed molecular weight (4000-6000 g/mol), low polydispersity (PDI less then 2.0), low quantity of β-aryl-ethers with no recondensation, and an abundance of phenolic OH groups. The excellent antioxidant capacity of lignin demonstrated its great value as a polyphenolic antioxidant. Overall, this work demonstrated an emerging biorefinery technology method for effective fractionation and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.About half of all newly synthesized proteins have N-linked glycans. These glycans play pivotal roles in controlling the folding, sorting, and degradation of glycoproteins via several glycan-related proteins. The glycan-mediated protein quality control system is important for cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the system and discuss structural insights from chemical and biological perspectives. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which these mediators respond to several folding states of glycoproteins.

Aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by replacement of the M1 segment by a plexiform network of small vessels. Though rare, familiarity with this entity and ability to differentiate it from radiological mimics such as moyamoya changes and steno-occlusive diseases are important. We review the clinical and radiological manifestations of patients diagnosed with twig-like MCA on cerebral angiograms over a five-year period.

Retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with twig-like MCA on cerebral angiograms was performed from January 2015 to January 2020. This was the inclusion criterion for this retrospective study. For each patient, demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings and management strategies were reviewed.

Between January 2015 and January 2020, three patients with twig-like MCA were identified from 657 patients who underwent four-vessel diagnostic cerebral angiograms (0.45%). In all three cases, the involvement was unilateraresented with headache and the third patient with pulsatile tinnitus. There were otherwise no ischemic or hemorrhagic changes. No other vascular anomaly was identified. selleck chemicals Twig-like MCA is a rare anatomical variant in which a plexiform network of small vessels replaces the M1 segment of the MCA. Accurate diagnosis and distinguishing this entity from radiological mimics such as moyamoya and steno-occlusive diseases are important for appropriate management and to prevent unnecessary investigations.