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Preconditioning with fasudil inhibited the activation and aggregation of microglia, suppressed immune response, and reinforced BDNF secretion in MPTP-PD mice significantly more than treatment with BMSCs alone. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that intranasally administering BMSCs preconditioned with fasudil is a promising cell-based therapy for PD. © 2020 Tang et al.Introduction A comparative study of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. seed extract and developed silver nanoparticles (PJSNPs) for improving bioavailability that enhance their anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), PANC-1 (pancreatic carcinoma), MDA-MB 231 (breast carcinoma) cell lines was performed. see more Materials and Methods The green synthesis of PJSNPs (Putranjiva silver nanoparticles) was performed using PJ (Putranjiva) extract, and characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was accomplished through UV-Vis spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. Results The results revealed that PJSNPs are homogeneous, spherical in shape, ~8±2 nm in size, and negatively charged with a zeta potential of about -26.71 mV. The cytotoxicity pattern observed was AgNO3 > PJSNPs > PJ extract. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by flow cytometry and also by the DNA ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis, which indicated that the process of cell death occurred via the apoptosis mechanism and PJSNPs were exerting late-stage apoptosis in all the tested cell lines. The small size and negative value of zeta potential could be the factors responsible for greater bioavailability and thus increased uptake by the tumor cells. Conclusion The MTT assay and morphological changes observed by various methods indicate that the novel PJSNPs are a better anticancer agent than PJ extract. All the above properties make biologically synthesized PJSNPs an important target in the field of anti-cancer drug discovery. © 2020 Balkrishna et al.Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Chemotherapy to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells is considered to be the most important therapeutic strategy. The development of long-circulating PEG and targeting liposomes is a major advance in drug delivery. However, the techniques used in liposome preparation mainly involve conventional liposomes, which have a short half-life, high concentrations in the liver and spleen reticuloendothelial system, and no active targeting. Methods Four kinds of paclitaxel liposomes were prepared and characterized by various analytical techniques. The long-term targeting effect of liposomes was verified by fluorescence detection methods in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity tests were conducted in ICR mice to evaluate the safety of different paclitaxel preparations. The antitumor activity of ES-SSL-PTX was investigated in detail using in vitro and in vivo human breast cancer MCF-7 cell models. Results ER-targeting liposomes ht cancer, thereby improving patient prognosis and quality of life. © 2020 Han et al.Introduction RNA-based therapy for bone repair and regeneration is a highly safe and effective approach, which has been extensively investigated in recent years. However, the molecular stability of RNA agents still remains insufficient for clinical application. High porosity, tunable size, and ideal biodegradability and biosafety are a few of the characters of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) that render them a promising biomaterial carrier for RNA treatment. Materials and Methods In this study, a novel miR-26a delivery system was constructed based on MSNs. Next, we assessed the miRNA protection of the delivery vehicles. Then, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were incubated with the vectors, and the transfection efficiency, cellular uptake, and effects on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. Results The results demonstrated that the vectors protected miR-26a from degradation in vitro and delivered it into the cytoplasm. A relatively low concentration of the delivery systems significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Conclusion The vectors constructed in our study provide new methods and strategies for the delivery of microRNAs in bone tissue engineering. © 2020 Yan et al.Background The complex preparation procedures and severe toxicities are two major obstacles facing the wide use of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells in clinical cancer immunotherapy. The nanotechnology-based T cell temporary CAR modification may be a potential approach to solve these problems and make the CAR-T cell-based tumor therapy feasible and broadly applicable. Methods A series of plasmid DNA-loaded self-assembled nanoparticles (pDNA@SNPsx/y) prepared from adamantane-grafted polyamidoamine (Ad-PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (G1 or G5) and cyclodextrin-grafted branched polyethylenimine (CD-PEI) of different molecular weights (800, 2000, or 25,000 Da) were characterized and evaluated. The detailed physicochemical properties, cellular interaction, and cytotoxicity of selected pDNA@SNPG1/800 were systematically investigated. Thereafter, the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) CAR-expression plasmid vector (pEGFRvIII-CAR) was constructed and encapsulated into SNPG1/800. The resulting pEGFRvIII-CAR@SNPG1/800 was used for Jurkat cell transient transfection, and the EGFRvIII-CAR expressed in transfected cells was measured by flow cytometry and Western blot. Finally, the response of EGFRvIII CAR-positive Jurkat T cell to target tumor cell was evaluated. Results The pDNA@SNPG1/800 showed the highest efficacy in Jurkat cell gene transfection and exhibited low cytotoxicity. pEGFRvIII-CAR@SNPG1/800 can efficiently deliver pEGFRvIII-CAR into Jurkat T cells, thereby resulting in transient EGFRvIII-CAR expression in transfected cells. EGFRvIII-CAR that is present on the cell membrane enabled Jurkat T cells to recognize and bind specifically with EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells. Conclusion These results indicated that pEGFRvIII-CAR@SNPG1/800 can effectively achieve T-cell transient CAR modification, thereby demonstrating considerable potential in CAR-T cancer therapy. © 2020 Yu et al.