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7%).Outcome and salvage rate were better in the 2-vein group as compared with the 1-vein group (64% vs 50%). CONCLUSION There is no difference in flap survival in single or dual venous anastomosis, but we have noticed higher reexploration rates in the 2-vein group. However, outcome is better in the 2-vein group.Auricular cartilage reconstruction represents one of the greatest challenges for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The native structure and composition of the auricular cartilage can be achieved by combining a suitable chondrogenic cell source with an appropriate scaffold. In reconstructive surgery for cartilage tissue, autogenous cartilage is considered to be the best chondrogenic cell source. Polycaprolactone is mainly used as a tissue-engineered scaffold owing to its mechanical properties, miscibility with a large range of other polymers, and biodegradability. In this study, scaffolds with or without autogenous minced auricular cartilage were implanted bilaterally in rabbits for auricular regeneration. Six weeks (n = 4) and 16 weeks (n = 4) after implantation, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and histology were used to assess the regeneration of the auricular cartilage. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the messenger RNA expression of aggrecan, collagen I, and collagen II was higher in scaffolds with 50% minced cartilage than the scaffold-only groups or scaffolds with 30% minced cartilage (P less then 0.05). Furthermore, histological analysis demonstrated significantly superior cartilage regeneration in scaffolds with the minced cartilage group compared with the scaffold-only and control groups (P less then 0.05). Autogenous cartilage can be easily obtained and loaded onto a scaffold to promote the presence of chondrogenic cells, allowing for an improvement of the reconstruction of auricular cartilage. Here, the regeneration of auricular cartilage was also successful in the 50% minced cartilage group. The results presented in this study could have clinical implications, as they demonstrate the potential of a 1-stage process for auricular reconstruction.INTRODUCTION Elbow extensive reconstruction was essential for the patients with brachial plexus avulsion. Nerve transfer was applied to repair elbow extension, but the ultimate recovery was quite different. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of elbow extension in patients with global brachial plexus avulsion after repaired by intercostal nerve (ICN) and contralateral cervical 7 (cC7) nerve transfer to the long head branch of triceps and to analyze the possible influencing factors. see more MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 24 patients treated with ICN and cC7 nerve transfer for elbow extension in posttraumatic global brachial plexus avulsion was carried out. Two ICNs were used as donors in 17 patients, and cC7 nerve was used in the other 7 patients. We evaluated the recovery of elbow extension by the British Medical Research Council grading system and electromyography. The correlation between age, preoperative interval, and prognosis was analyzed in this study. RESULTS Efficiency of elbow extensor strength in the ICN transfer group was 47.06%, and it was 28.57% in the cC7 nerve transfer group, but there was no significant difference (P = 0.653). The effective recovery of electromyography in ICN transfer group was 82.35%, whereas in the group cC7 nerve transfer, it was 28.57%, there was a statistical difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.021). Age and interval were negatively correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Intercostal nerve or cC7 nerve transfer to the long head branch of triceps could reconstruct elbow extension to some extent. Compared with cC7 nerve transfer, ICN transfer had a greater result for elbow extension, but the difference in extension power was not significant, whereas there was difference in electromyography recovery. Patient's age and interval were negatively correlated with the results.BACKGROUND Recently, it has been shown that panniculectomy concurrent to living donor renal transplantation is a safe option for management of renal transplant recipients with a large focal pannus. This combined management requires precise coordination of teams. We describe the technique, timing, and sequence for combined renal transplantation and panniculectomy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients (≥18 years old) who underwent simultaneous living donor renal transplantation-panniculectomy from 2015 to 2019. A multi-team approach that included urology, transplant, and plastic surgery was used to perform the combined operations. Typically, the plastic surgery team initiates the operation by performing the panniculectomy. This is followed by kidney transplantation and graft anastomosis. The plastic surgery team then completes the operation with closure of the wound. RESULTS Twenty patients were identified. Most were male (128) with a mean age of 55 years and an average body mass index of 35 kg/m. The mean total operative duration was 394 minutes. On average, 17% of operating time was devoted to panniculectomy. At 90 days follow-up, there was 100% graft survival and all patients had primary graft function. There was a 25% wound complications rate and a 15% reoperation rate. CONCLUSION By performing panniculectomy first in the sequence, concurrent panniculectomy provides wide exposure and a large operative field for transplantation. Wound closure by plastic surgeons may mitigate the high complication rate commonly seen in obese patients with end-stage renal disease. Future studies are needed to evaluate the cost-benefit of the combined living donor renal transplantation-panniculectomy.BACKGROUND Whether patient driven or surgeon driven, social media can serve as a strong marketing tool to attract plastic surgery patients. At many training programs, chief residents have the opportunity to run an independent clinic, in which patients are evaluated for aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. In this study, the authors sought to investigate the downstream effect of a single positive review on a major social review site on cosmetic surgery volume. METHODS A retrospective pre-post intervention study was performed. Operating room case logs at an urban training program were queried for purely aesthetic cases performed through the chief resident clinic in 2012 to 2018. Procedures performed by nonplastic surgery services were excluded. RESULTS A total of 1734 cases met the inclusion criteria. Before the online review, aesthetic cases grew from 61 to 82 (10% compounded annual growth rate). However, after the review was posted, 107 aesthetic cases were performed in the 2016-2017 academic year, driving a 30% growth rate.