Halvorsenurquhart5185

of other locomotor risk factors. Lower connectivity was significantly associated with lower BMI and greater WMH.

Lower resting state basal ganglia connectivity is associated with slower gait speed. Its contribution appears comparable to WMH and other locomotor risk factors. Future studies should assess whether promoting higher basal ganglia connectivity in older adults may reduce age-related gait slowing.

Lower resting state basal ganglia connectivity is associated with slower gait speed. Its contribution appears comparable to WMH and other locomotor risk factors. Future studies should assess whether promoting higher basal ganglia connectivity in older adults may reduce age-related gait slowing.

Embouchure dystonia (ED) is a task-specific focal dystonia in professional brass players leading to abnormal orofacial muscle posturing/spasms during performance. Previous studies have outlined abnormal cortical sensorimotor function during sensory/motor tasks and in the resting state as well as abnormal cortical sensorimotor structure. Yet, potentially underlying white-matter tract abnormalities in this network disease are unknown.

To delineate structure-function abnormalities within cerebral sensorimotor trajectories in ED.

Probabilistic tractography and seed-based functional connectivity analysis were performed in 16/16 ED patients/healthy brass players within a simple literature-informed network model of cortical sensorimotor processing encompassing supplementary motor, superior parietal, primary somatosensory and motor cortex as well as the putamen. Post-hoc grey matter volumetry was performed within cortices of abnormal trajectories.

ED patients showed average axial diffusivity reduction within rity within primary somatosensory cortico-subcortical projections and higher-order sensorimotor projections support the key role of dysfunctional sensory information propagation in ED pathophysiology. Differential directionality of cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical abnormalities hints at non-uniform sensory system changes.

Non-specific neck pain (NSNP) is frequently associated with upper limb disability (ULD). Consequently, evaluation of ULD using an outcome measure is necessary during the management of patients with NSNP. The Single Arm Military Press (SAMP) test is a performance-based ULD measure developed for populations with neck pain. During the SAMP test, patients are asked to repeatedly lift a weight above their head for 30s. The number of repetitions is counted. Its clinical utility in a patient group is still unknown.

This study investigates the feasibility of the SAMP test from patients and clinicians' perspectives.

Seventy female patients with NSNP were randomly allocated into one of three groups. Participants in each group completed the SAMP test using one of three proposed weights (½kg, 1kg or 1½kg). The feasibility of the SAMP test was established using structured qualitative exit feedback interviews for patients and administrating clinicians.

Participants using ½kg achieved the highest number of repetitions, but a high proportion reported the weight as extremely light, whereas those who tested using the 1½kg achieved the lowest number of repetitions and participants reported the weight as being heavy. Participants tested using 1kg achieved an average number of repetitions and a high proportion reported the weight as acceptably heavy. Clinicians and patients reported that the SAMP test was efficient and convenient.

The 1kg SAMP test is feasible for use in female patients with NSNP. The measurement properties of the SAMP test should be determined in a patient group.

The 1 kg SAMP test is feasible for use in female patients with NSNP. The measurement properties of the SAMP test should be determined in a patient group.

To estimate the proportion of physical therapists currently performing dry needling and report current practices patterns. Secondary aims were to report the numbers of minor and major adverse events and determine if these adverse events were related to therapist characteristics.

An anonymous electronic survey was distributed through special interest groups within the United States to physical therapists. Participant demographics and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associations between variables were examined using chi-square.

The estimated response rate was 14.4% (n=865, mean age 39.89, SD 11.73 years). More than half (55.0%, n=461) of respondents perform dry needling; levels of training varied. Most (78.8%, n=337) performed 0-3 needling sessions per day, usually lasting<15min (67.3% of respondents, n=288). Therapists commonly performed 3-6 sessions over a patient's course of care (82.0% of respondents, n=350). Minor adverse events were common; respondents estimated this occurred in 39.6% (SD 31.5) of treatments. Major adverse events were rare, typically not requiring emergency care. Being male (X

=8.197, P=0.004), experienced (>4 years; X

=34.635, P<0.001), and having more training (>61h; X

=8.503, P=0.004) were associated with reporting a major adverse event occurred during their career.

Half of physical therapists surveyed performed dry needling. Practice patterns were consistent with expert opinion. The number of adverse events reported suggests further research is needed to quantify the risks of dry needling. Selleck ML133 Participant characteristics associated with a major adverse event appear to be related to the number of exposures.

Half of physical therapists surveyed performed dry needling. Practice patterns were consistent with expert opinion. The number of adverse events reported suggests further research is needed to quantify the risks of dry needling. Participant characteristics associated with a major adverse event appear to be related to the number of exposures.Cybergenetic systems use computer interfaces to enable feed-back controls over biological processes in real time. The complex and dynamic nature of cellular metabolism makes cybergenetics attractive for controlling engineered metabolic pathways in microbial fermentations. Cybergenetics would not only create new avenues of research into cellular metabolism, it would also enable unprecedented strategies for pathway optimization and bioreactor operation and automation. Implementation of metabolic cybergenetics, however, will require new capabilities from actuators, biosensors, and control algorithms. The recent application of optogenetics in metabolic engineering, the expanding role of genetically encoded biosensors in strain development, and continued progress in control algorithms for biological processes suggest that this technology will become available in the not so distant future.