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Based on heat map and principal component analysis, the relationships among physiological traits and relative expression of salt-responsive genes were investigated. Remarkably, we observed a significant association between the relative expression of TaHKT1;5 with root K+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratio and with TaSOS1. Taken together, our study revealed that two neglected (Ae. triuncialis) and ancestral (Ae. tauschii) wheat genotypes responded better to salinity stress than other genotypes. Further molecular tasks are therefore essential to specify the pathways linked with salinity tolerance in these genotypes. © Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020.To understand high temperature tolerance, Heliotropium thermophilum, a flowering plant thriving in a geothermal field with a soil temperature ranging between 55 and 65 °C, was grown in controlled laboratory conditions and two different soil temperatures were applied to the plants. One of them was the control group (CT 25 ± 3 °C) and the other was the high temperature group (HT 60 ± 4 °C). Water potential, dry weight, cell membrane injury (CMI), lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proline and total soluble sugar contents were measured. Contents of total soluble sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proline were found to be higher in HT group than CT while CMI was opposite. Moreover, no difference was determined in water potential, dry weight, lipid peroxidation, total chlorophyll and carotenoids between CT and HT. H. thermophilum plants adapted to high temperature under laboratory conditions through changing membrane lipid saturation, accumulating osmotically active compounds to save water or increase its uptake and inducing antioxidants such as phenolic compounds to keep reactive oxygen species under control. In conclusion, this study showed that H. thermophilum plant was highly resistant to high soil temperature under optimized laboratory conditions. Moreover, a plant that can withstand 60 °C for a long period of time up to 60 days under laboratory conditions was reported for the first time. © Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020.Salt affected soil inhibits plant growth, development and productivity, especially in case of rice crop. Ion homeostasis is a candidate defense mechanism in the salt tolerant plants or halophyte species, where the salt toxic ions are stored in the vacuoles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the OsNHX1 (a vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger) and OsHKT2;1 (Na+/K+ transporter) regulation by salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in two rice cultivars, i.e. Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt susceptible), the accumulation of Na+ in the root and leaf tissues using CoroNa Green® staining dye and the associated physiological changes in test plants. Na+ content was largely increased in the root tissues of rice seedlings cv. Pokkali (15 min after salt stress) due to the higher expression of OsHKT2;1 gene (by 2.5 folds) in the root tissues. The expression of OsNHX1 gene in the leaf tissues was evidently increased in salt stressed seedlings of Pokkali, whereas it was unchanged in salt stressed seedlings of IR29. Na+ in the root tissues of both Pokkali and IR29 was enriched, when subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 12 h and easily detected in the leaf tissues of salt stressed plants exposed for 24 h, especially in cv. Pokkali. Moreover, the overexpression of OsNHX1 gene regulated the translocation of Na+ from root to leaf tissues, and compartmentation of Na+ into vacuoles, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic abilities in cv. Pokkali. Overall growth performance, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was improved in salt stressed leaves of Pokkali than those in salt stressed IR29. © Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020.This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide, EBL) seed priming and optimal nitrogen (N) supply in improving salt tolerance in soybean. The experimental treatments were (a) control (nutrient solution without N and without EBL priming), (b) nutrient solution without N and EBL seed priming, (c) N supplemented nutrient solution without EBL priming and (d) EBL seed priming + N supplemented nutrient solution under optimal (0 mM NaCl) and salt stress (0 mM NaCl) conditions. Salt stress caused significant reduction in growth and biomass accumulation of soybean. However, EBL seed priming and application of N improved the soybean performance under optimal and salt stress conditions. In this regard, treatments receiving both EBL and N were more effective. EBL priming and N, alone and in combination, triggered the accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars resulting in better photo-protection through maintenance of tissue water content. Antioxidant activity and osmolyte accumulation significantly increased due to combined treatment of N and EBL under normal as well as salt stress conditions. In conclusion, salt stress caused reduction in growth and biomass soybean due to oxidative damage and osmotic stresses. However, soybean performance was improved by seed priming with EBL. Supplementation of N further improved the effectiveness of EBL treatment in improving salt tolerance in soybean. © Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020.The present experiment was set-up to appraise protective role of ALA in sunflower cultivars (FH-1581 and FH-1572) under water scarcity stress. The  ameliorative role of ALA in sunflower under water stress is not fully understood. Results showed significant decline in growth parameters, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll but marked increase in MDA, H2O2, total soluble proteins, flavonoids, proline, phenolics, total free amino acids as well as enzymes activities namely CAT, POD and SOD in plants under water scarcity. ALA application reduced oxidative damage by lowering H2O2 and MDA contents. ALA application differentially affected two cultivars under stress. Higher biomass accumulation was manifested in cv. FH-1581, while cv. FH-1572 was inferior in this context. Greater drought tolerance in cv. FH-1581 was related to higher cellular levels of proline, total free amino acids and efficient antioxidant system. selleck chemical © Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020.