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Homecare services play an important role in enabling older adults with chronic illness or functional impairment to continue living in their homes and communities. Previous research on homecare services has not fully explored the potential psychological benefits of homecare services. This study investigates the association between quality of homecare services and psychological well-being by analyzing two surveys. The results showed that the association between well-being and the quality of homecare services was mediated by satisfaction with health (z = 4.36, p = .000), satisfaction with family life (z = 4.96, p = .000) and satisfaction with friendship (z = 3.56, p = .000). The top three most important life domains, health, family life, and friendships, combined fully mediated the association between well-being and the quality of homecare services. These findings suggest that quality homecare services could enhance clients' well-being in the areas of family life and friendships beyond health.The concept of indication-specific pricing (ISP) of drugs means that the cost of a drug will vary depending on the reasons for its use. ISP is a novel concept and its beneficial or detrimental effects are unknown. Experience from richer countries suggests that it is fraught with many administrative, ethical and regulatory challenges. It seems, though, that prices of some drugs have been set using this model. The barriers, real and potential, to the implementation of ISP in low- and middle-income countries are discussed. Implementation of ISP is impractical in such environments because of the large impoverished population, low frequency of health insurance, generally poor health infrastructure, lack of regulatory oversight, and the fact that most healthcare expenditure is borne personally.Abnormalities in the ankle contact pressure are related to the onset of osteoarthritis. In vivo measurements are not possible with currently available techniques, so computational methods such as the finite element analysis (FEA) are often used instead. SB431542 supplier The discrete element method (DEM), a computationally efficient alternative to time-consuming FEA, has also been used to predict the joint contact pressure. It describes the articular cartilage as a bed of independent springs, assuming a linearly elastic behaviour and absence of relative motion between the bones. In this study, we present the extended DEM (EDEM) which is able to track the motion of talus over time. The method was used, with input data from a subject-specific musculoskeletal model, to predict the contact pressure in the ankle joint during gait. Results from EDEM were also compared with outputs from conventional DEM. Predicted values of contact area were larger in EDEM than they were in DEM (4.67 and 4.18 cm2, respectively). Peak values of contact pressure, attained at the toe-off, were 7.3 MPa for EDEM and 6.92 MPa for DEM. Values predicted from EDEM fell well within the ranges reported in the literature. Overall, the motion of the talus had more effect on the extension and shape of the pressure distribution than it had on the magnitude of the pressure. The results indicated that EDEM is a valid methodology for the prediction of ankle contact pressure during daily activities.Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and there is a need for interventions to increase the adoption and maintenance of regular physical activity. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) have shown promise for promoting a range of health behaviours, including physical activity. The aims of this review were to (1) determine the effectiveness of ACT interventions for physical activity; and (2) identify the ACT processes, behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention characteristics associated with ACT interventions. Eight electronic databases were searched for ACT interventions that aimed to increase physical activity. Seven eligible studies were included in the systematic review, and ACT processes, Behaviour Change Techniques and other intervention components and characteristics of the included interventions were coded. Six studies were randomised controlled trials that were included in a random-effects meta-analysis, which indicated small-to-moderate effects on physical activity (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.07, 0.57), p = 0.01). ACT interventions show promise for increasing physical activity, but very few of the 'active ingredients' of ACT interventions could be characterised as BCTs. Future development of ACT interventions for physical activity should attempt to describe and name the ACT processes targeted by the intervention, and the BCTs used to target those processes.As a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family, the IRX3 gene plays an important role in regulating the growth, development and fat deposition of chordates. In the present study, we found, using real-time PCR, that the bovine IRX3 gene was highly expressed in lung, kidney, heart, subcutaneous fat and longissimus dorsi muscle. We cloned the full-length sequence of the bovine IRX3 gene promoter and constructed eight series of 5' deletion promoter plasmid luciferase reporter assays and then transfected them to 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cell lines to detect its core promoter regions. The results showed that the core promoter of bovine IRX3 was located within a -292/-42 bp region relative to the transcriptional start site. Furthermore, sequence analysis identified eight CpG islands in the promoter region. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in combination with site-directed mutation and siRNA interference demonstrated that SREBF2 and PPARG binding occurs in region -292/-42 and is essential in bovine IRX3 transcription. These results lay an important theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of the IRX3 gene in bovine fat deposition.Controlled release (CR) nanoformulations of Mancozeb (Manganese-zinc double salt of N, N-bisdithiocarbamic acid), a protective fungicide, have been developed using poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers and evaluated for the management of early blight in tomato. During the field experiment, it was observed that number of infected leaflets/plants were less in developed formulation treated plants as compared to commercial products. Number of infected leaflets per plant was 2.40-4.60 and the number of fruits per plant were 6.40-9.00 at 50 mg L-1, whereas at 100 mg L-1, the corresponding numbers were 2.10-4.10 and 6.30-9.10 respectively. These formulations can be used to optimize the release of Mancozeb to achieve disease control for the desired period depending upon the matrix of the polymer used. Importantly, sufficient amount of active ingredient remains available for a reasonable period of time after application leading to reduced number of applications of pesticide.