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To assess the impact of COVID-19 on oral hygiene (OH) awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact in the Middle East.

This survey was performed by online distribution of questionnaires in three countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Iraq and Egypt). The questionnaire consisted of five sections the first section was aimed at collecting demographic data and the rest sections used to assess OH awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, degree of fear and economic impact of COVID-19. The answers were either multiple choice, closed-end (Yes or No) or 5-point Likert scale for the last four sections.

A total of 3782 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, OH awareness was low (mean ±SD; 1.84±1.03), while attitude towards dental treatment (5.04±1.68) and economic impact (11.29±4.37) were moderately affected. In addition, fear of infection showed moderately high level (14.04±4.11). All subgroups of the demographic variables showed significant differences among them in relation to OH awareness and attitude towards dental treatment. The regression model suggested country, gender, age, education level, income level and fear as predictors for OH awareness (R

0.036) and attitude towards dental care (R

0.141).

The pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.

The pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.

Two novel clinical risk scores (CRS) that incorporate KRAS mutation status were developed modified CRS (mCRS) and GAME score. However, they have not been tested in large national and international cohorts. The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic discrimination utility and determine the clinical usefulness of the two novel CRS.

Patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM (2000-2018) in 10 centers were included. The discriminatory abilities of mCRS, GAME, and Fong CRS were evaluated using Harrell's C-index and Akaike's Information Criterion.

In the entire cohort, the C-index of the GAME score (0.61) was significantly higher than those of Fong score (0.57) and mCRS (0.54), while the C-Index of mCRS was significantly lower than that of Fong score. When we compared the models in the various geographical regions, the C-index of GAME score was significantly higher than that of mCRS in North America, Europe, and South America. The AIC of Fong score, mCRS, and GAME score were 14405, 14447, and 14319, respectively.

In conclusion, using the largest and most heterogenous population of CRLM patients with known KRAS status, this independent, external validation demonstrated that the GAME score outperforms both the traditional Fong score and mCRS.

In conclusion, using the largest and most heterogenous population of CRLM patients with known KRAS status, this independent, external validation demonstrated that the GAME score outperforms both the traditional Fong score and mCRS.Optical fiber biosensors have attracted extensive research attention in fields such as public health research, environmental science, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and drug research. Accurate detection of biomolecules is essential to limit the extent of disease outbreaks and provide valuable guidance for regulatory agencies to take timely measures. Among many optical fiber sensors, optical fiber biosensors based on specialty fibers have the advantages of biocompatibility, small size, high measurement resolution, high stability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, four types interferometer biosensors based on specialty fiber, namely Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer, Fabry - Perot interferometer and Sagnac interferometer, are reviewed in terms of operating principles, sensing structure and application fields. The fiber types are further divided into micro-nano optical fiber, thin core fiber, polarization maintaining fiber, polymer fiber, microstructure optical fiber. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these interferometer biosensors. Finally, main challenging problems and expectational development direction of specialty fiber interferometer biosensors are summarized. Lanifibranor datasheet This text clearly shows the huge development potential of optical fiber biosensors in biomedical.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Persian version of the BMPN in Iranian university students.

Cross-sectional.

Study was conducted among Iranian medical sciences students from April to May 2020. A total of 660 students participated in the online self-administrated questionnaire. Construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and reliability of P-BMPN were evaluated.

The Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the BMPN has 17 items with four factors dissatisfaction, autonomy Satisfaction, relatedness satisfaction and competence satisfaction that explained 40.17% of the total variance. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, all goodness-of-fit indices confirmed the model fit.

These results suggest that the Persian version of the BMPN is a reliable and valid measure to assess satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the psychological needs in Iranian university students.

These results suggest that the Persian version of the BMPN is a reliable and valid measure to assess satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the psychological needs in Iranian university students.

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of 3D printing of kidney and perinephric fat based on low-dose CT technology.

A total of 184 patients with stage T1 complex renal tumors who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were prospectively enrolled and divided into three groups group A (conventional dose kidney and perinephric fat 3D printing group, n=62), group B (low-dose kidney and perinephric fat 3D printing, n=64), and group C (conventional dose merely kidney 3D printing group, n=58). The effective dose (ED), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were determined. The 3D printing quality was evaluated using a 4-point scale, and interobserver agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

The ED of group B was lower than that of group A, with a decrease of 55.1%. The subjective scores of 3D printing quality in all groups were 3 or 4 points. The interobserver agreement among the three observers in 3D printing quality was good (ICC=0.84-0.92).