Mathiesenkristensen3308

Recent studies have documented a decline in the overall prevalence of disability in the United States, however racial/ethnic and gender disparities continue to persist. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a socially patterned exposure, may be a key mechanism in understanding these previously documented disparities. Using data from the nationally-representative 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we employed Poisson log-binomial models to estimate the prevalence of disability comparing CMV seropositive versus seronegative adults and investigated effect modification by race/ethnicity and gender. Among the 9,029 participants (55% women, mean age 67.4), 63% were CMV seropositive and 15% were disabled. CMV seropositivity was highest among non-Hispanic Black (88%) and Hispanic adults (92%) compared to non-Hispanic White adults (57%). We found evidence for effect modification of the CMV-disability by gender but not race/ethnicity. While the confidence intervals in the fully-adjusted models included the null value, compared to seronegative women, our results suggest a greater prevalence of disability among CMV seropositive women (PR= 1.16, 95% CI= 0.97, 1.39) but not among men (PR= 0.85, 95% CI= 0.69, 1.06). Results provide initial support that CMV may be an important determinant of gender disparities in disability.Many tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings are attributed to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired overseas. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of community-based LTBI screening and treatment strategies in recent migrants to a low-incidence setting (Australia). A decision-analytic Markov model was developed that cycled one migrant cohort (≥11-year-olds) annually over a lifetime from 2020. Post-migration/onshore and offshore (screening during visa-application) strategies were compared to existing policy (chest-x-ray during visa application). Outcomes included TB cases averted and discounted cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from a health-sector perspective. Most recent migrants are young adults and cost-effectiveness is limited by their relatively low LTBI prevalence, low TB mortality risks and high emigration probability. Onshore strategies cost ≥A$203,188 per QALY gained, preventing ~2.3-7.0% of TB cases in the cohort. Offshore strategies (screening costs incurred by migrants) cost ≥A$13,907 per QALY gained, preventing 5.5-16.9%. Findings were most sensitive to the LTBI treatment quality-of-life decrement (further to severe-adverse-events); with a minimal decrement, all strategies caused more ill-health than they prevented. Additional LTBI strategies in recent migrants could only marginally contribute to TB elimination and are unlikely to be cost-effective unless screening costs are borne by migrants and potential LTBI treatment quality-of-life decrements are ignored.

To assess the efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplements on osteoarthritis (OA).

The databases such as Pubmed and Cochrane Library were searched to collect the article about Curcuma longa extract and curcumin in the treatment of OA. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and their data were extracted. Finally, the RevMan5.3 was utilized for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis, the STATA15.0 were utilized for publication bias assessment, and GRADE tool were used for the evidence quality assessment of primary outcomes.

A total of 15 RCTs involving 1621 participants were included. (1) Compared with placebo, Curcuma longa extract and curcumin (C.) can decrease the visual analog scale (VAS) and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score-pain, the WOMAC score-function and the WOMAC score-stiffness. In terms of adverse events, Curcuma longa extract and curcumin are comparable with those of placebo. (2) Compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Curcuma longa extract and curcumin have similar effects on joint pain, function and stiffness. The incidence of adverse events in Curcuma longa extract and curcumin was lower. (3) Compared with the NSAIDs group, C.+NSAIDs can also decrease the VAS and WOMAC score-pain, the WOMAC score-function and the WOMAC score-stiffness. In terms of adverse events, the addition of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin to NSAIDs did not increase adverse events.

Curcuma longa extract and curcumin may be a safer and effective supplement for OA patients. It is recommended to use Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplement for OA patients for more than 12 weeks.

Curcuma longa extract and curcumin may be a safer and effective supplement for OA patients. It is recommended to use Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplement for OA patients for more than 12 weeks.Studies documenting self-reported experiences of discrimination over the life-course have been limited. Such information could be important for informing longitudinal epidemiologic studies of discrimination and health. We described trends in self-reports of racial, socioeconomic status, and gender discrimination over time measured using the Experiences of Discrimination scale, with a focus on whether individuals' reports of lifetime discrimination were consistent over time. BTK screening Overall experiences of discrimination and the number of settings in which discrimination was reported in 1992, 2000 and 2010 were examined among 2,774 African American and White adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Reports of "ever" experiencing discrimination decreased for all forms of discrimination across the three visits. 30-41% of the sample inconsistently reported ever experiencing any discrimination over time, which contributed to the observed decreases. Depending on the form of discrimination, inconsistent reporting patterns over time were more common among African American, younger, lower-educated, and lower-income individuals and women-- groups who are often most exposed to and severely impacted by the health effects of discrimination. Our findings highlight the possible underestimation of the lifetime burden of discrimination when utilizing the Experiences of Discrimination Scale to capture self-reports of discrimination over time.