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The majority of the patients hospitalised with COVID-19 needed prolonged oxygen therapy, and there was a high incidence of severe complications.

The majority of the patients hospitalised with COVID-19 needed prolonged oxygen therapy, and there was a high incidence of severe complications.

Children and adolescents are at lower risk of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. We describe the incidence of confirmed infection and hospitalisation of children and adolescents under the age of 20 in Norway, and specifically among those with underlying conditions.

The Norwegian Directorate of Health has collaborated with the Norwegian Institute of Public Health on the establishment of a data extraction system to monitor the coronavirus outbreak. Data from the specialist health service (Norwegian Patient Registry, NPR), and the primary health service (Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care, NRPHC) are linked to data on positive SARS-CoV-2 tests from the Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS). This covers all persons living in Norway as of 1 March 2020, with data on confirmed infection up to and including 13 May 2020 and on hospitalisations up to and including 30 April 2020.

Of 8 125persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in the whole population, 493 (6.1%) were under 20 years old. The median age of the under-20s was 15 years, and 252 (51%) were girls. 3% were hospitalised. No deaths were registered among patients aged under 20 in Norway. We found a somewhat larger share with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in the group with diseases of the neuromuscular system.

Few children and adolescents have had SARS-CoV-2 confirmed, and only a very few have been hospitalised. Underlying conditions may result in a lower threshold for testing, and hence a higher incidence of confirmed infection in this group, although higher risk cannot be excluded.

Few children and adolescents have had SARS-CoV-2 confirmed, and only a very few have been hospitalised. Underlying conditions may result in a lower threshold for testing, and hence a higher incidence of confirmed infection in this group, although higher risk cannot be excluded.

Primary care doctors put diagnostic codes on all reimbursement cards. The objective of this study was to map out the use of non-specific diagnostic codes that can undermine the validity of statistics and disease surveillance.

The material consists of data from all electronic reimbursement cards from out-of-hours services in the period 2008-2019. We registered consultations and telephone contacts and the proportion of these that were supplied with diagnostic codes for respiratory infections and three non-specific diagnostic codes.

The number of consultations per year increased from 1 402 452 in 2008 to 1 417 395 in 2019, a relative increase of 1%. The number of telephone contacts per year increased from 286 515 in 2008 to 684 773 in 2019, a relative increase of 139%. Out-of-hours contacts coded with non-specific diagnoses increased nearly thirteenfold, from 40 280 to 514 715. The use of non-specific diagnoses increased by a factor of 19 for telephone contacts and 2.7 for consultations. The total number of out-of-hours contacts for respiratory infections decreased from 240 037 to 176 909 (a 26% reduction).

There is a strong tendency for general, non-specific diagnostic codes to replace specific diagnoses of disease on reimbursement cards from out-of-hours services. This undermines the evidence base for statistics and research based on reported ICPC-2 diagnoses, and this is especially of concern when these diagnoses are to be used for monitoring of the COVID-19pandemic.

There is a strong tendency for general, non-specific diagnostic codes to replace specific diagnoses of disease on reimbursement cards from out-of-hours services. This undermines the evidence base for statistics and research based on reported ICPC-2 diagnoses, and this is especially of concern when these diagnoses are to be used for monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19pneumonia can result in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure that requires intensive medical care. We wished to describe COVID-19 intensive care patients who were treated with and without invasive ventilatory support.

The material was retrieved from the local quality register and comprises data on patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care department at Oslo University Hospital Ullevål from 5 March-28 May 2020. The patients were categorised in three groups on the basis of the treatment they received for respiratory failure (oxygen alone, supplemental non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and intubation/ventilator) and described using descriptive statistics.

Of 165 hospitalised COVID-19patients, a total of 26 (16%) were treated in our intensive care department. Four of them had do-not-resuscitate-orders and were excluded. Tamoxifen molecular weight The 22patients included in this study had an average age of 56 years (range 25 to 78 years); 17 (77%) were men. Eleven patients received ventilator treatment, seven oxygen by mask, and four supplemental NIV. In the ventilator group, as of 28 May 2020 two had died, and the remainder had been discharged alive from the intensive care department, with one remaining hospitalised on a ward. All patients treated with oxygen and NIV were alive and had been discharged from hospital.

For many patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure and need for intensive care, increased oxygen and NIV are sufficient, but the need for intubation must be continuously assessed. More than 90% of actively treated intensive care patients survived.

For many patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure and need for intensive care, increased oxygen and NIV are sufficient, but the need for intubation must be continuously assessed. More than 90 % of actively treated intensive care patients survived.

Robust serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are essential for determining prior infection and the suitability of donated convalescent plasma for plasma therapy. We compared two in-house and three commercial serological assays in a family cohort with SARS-CoV-2-infected members.

Three individuals in a family of five developed COVID-19 confirmed by PCR, following a trip abroad. Three to four weeks after the onset of symptoms, three commercial ELISAs and an in-house immunofluorescence test demonstrated antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. An in-house neutralisation test also demonstrated neutralising antibodies.

The in-house assays and one commercial assay gave congruent results, which were also consistent with the initial PCR and/or clinical evaluation, indicating prior infection in three of the five family members. The other commercial assays indicated possible infection in a fourth family member, but this result was likely due to cross-reactivity. The neutralising antibodies suggest complete or partial immunity against reinfection.