Garnerwomble2197

To synthesize existing observational evidence to identify disparities in stage at breast cancer diagnosis between foreign- and native-born women. We hypothesized immigrant women would be less likely than natives to be diagnosed at a localized stage.

Systematic searches for studies detailing stage at breast cancer diagnosis by birthplace in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science yielded 11 relevant cohort studies from six countries. Odds ratios were pooled using random effects models.

Foreign-born women were 12% less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a localized stage than natives (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.95). A similar disadvantage was observed in immigrants from Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and developing or in transition nations; immigrants from developed countries experienced the least disparity.

This meta-analysis confirmed the presence of significant differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis as per nativity. Across diverse immigrant groups and host countries, foreign-born women were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with localized breast cancer than native women; the magnitude of the disparity varied by region and economic condition of immigrants' birthplace.

This meta-analysis confirmed the presence of significant differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis as per nativity. Across diverse immigrant groups and host countries, foreign-born women were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with localized breast cancer than native women; the magnitude of the disparity varied by region and economic condition of immigrants' birthplace.

The challenges of producing adequate estimates of HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) are well known. No one, to our knowledge, has published annual estimates of HIV prevalence among MSM over an extended period and across a wide range of geographic areas.

This article applies multilevel modeling to data integrated from numerous sources to estimate and validate trajectories of HIV prevalence among MSM from 1992 to 2013 for 86 of the largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States.

Our estimates indicate that HIV prevalence among MSM increased, from an across-metropolitan statistical area mean of 11% in 1992 to 20% in 2013 (S.D. = 3.5%). Our estimates by racial/ethnic subgroups of MSM suggest higher mean HIV prevalence among black and Hispanic/Latino MSM than among white MSM across all years and geographic regions.

The increases found in HIV prevalence among all MSM are likely primarily attributable to decreases in mortality and perhaps also to increasing HIV incidence among racial/ethnic minority MSM. Future research is needed to confirm this. If true, health care initiatives should focus on targeted HIV prevention efforts among racial/ethnic minority MSM and on training providers to address cross-cutting health challenges of increased longevity among HIV-positive MSM.

The increases found in HIV prevalence among all MSM are likely primarily attributable to decreases in mortality and perhaps also to increasing HIV incidence among racial/ethnic minority MSM. Future research is needed to confirm this. If true, health care initiatives should focus on targeted HIV prevention efforts among racial/ethnic minority MSM and on training providers to address cross-cutting health challenges of increased longevity among HIV-positive MSM.

Commonly observed subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy children may predispose to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, investigating the underlying neurobiology may be relevant to identify alterations in specific brain circuits potentially accounting for clinical heterogeneity in OCD without the confounding effects of clinical samples. We analyzed the brain correlates of different obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large group of healthy children using functional connectivity measures.

We evaluated 227 healthy children (52% girls; mean [SD] age 9.71 [0.86] years; range, 8-12.1 years). Participants underwent clinical assessment with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. Total and symptom-specific severity were correlated with voxelwise global functional connectivity degree values. Significant clusters were then used as seeds of interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. Modulating effects of age and sex wetributes.

Our findings concur with prevailing neurobiological models of OCD on the importance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical dysfunction to account for symptom severity. PF06424439 Notably, we showed that changes in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connectivity are present at subclinical stages, which may result in an increased vulnerability for OCD. Moreover, we mapped different symptom dimensions onto specific cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit attributes.

Developmental models of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have highlighted the interplay of psychological variables (i.e., impulsivity and emotional reactivity) with social risk factors including invalidating parenting and childhood trauma. Prospective longitudinal studies have demonstrated the association of BPD with social, familial and psychological antecedents. However, to date, few of these studies have studied the interaction of multiple risk domains and their potential manifestations in the preschool period.

Participants were 170 children enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study of early childhood depression. Participants completed a baseline assessment between ages 3-6 years. Psychopathology, suicidality and self-harm were assessed using a semi-structured age appropriate psychiatric interview before age 8 as well as self-report after age 8. BPD symptoms were assessed between ages 14-19 by self-report. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and peer relations were reported by parents. Maternagh ACEs, and early suicidality are at greater risk of developing BPD symptoms. However, further research is needed to guide key factors for targeted early intervention.

Pediatric anxiety disorders can have a chronic course and are considered gateway disorders to adult psychopathology, but no consistent predictors of long-term outcome have been identified. A single latent symptom dimension that reflects features shared by all mental health disorders, the p factor, is thought to reflect mechanisms that cut across mental disorders. Whether p predicts outcome in youth with psychiatric disorders has not been examined. We tested whether the p factor predicted long-term psychiatric and functional outcomes in a large, naturalistically followed-up cohort of anxiety-disordered youth.

Children and adolescents enrolled in a randomized controlled treatment trial of pediatric anxiety were followed-up on average 6 years posttreatment and then annually for 4 years. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate p at baseline. Both p and previously established predictors were modeled as predictors of long-term outcome.

Higher levels of p at baseline were related to more mental health disorders, poorer functioning, and greater impairment across all measures at all follow-up time points.