Hardisonpilgaard6145

The location of touch can be represented in a somatotopic reference frame and, combined with proprioceptive information, in an external reference frame. There is evidence that body position influences where individuals feel touch on the skin surface, indicating that proprioceptive information affects tactile localization in a somatotopic reference frame. In conditions with visual and proprioceptive mismatch of body position, where do individuals feel touch on the body? We used the mirror box illusion to address this question. Participants placed 1 hand on each side of a mirror aligned with the body midline, such that the hand reflection in the mirror looked like the hand hidden behind the mirror. The illusion creates a spatial mismatch between the actual hidden hand position and where the participant perceives their hand to be (the mirror image location). Across three experiments, localization judgments on the hidden hand were consistently and systematically biased toward the actual hand position relative to the viewed hand position. These findings provide evidence that proprioceptive estimates of limb position influence tactile localization and are discussed in relation to two models of tactile localization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The Bouba/Kiki effect constitutes a classic sound-shape correspondence, with the meaningless sounds "Bouba" and "Kiki" being mapped onto smooth and spiky patterns, respectively. While it is commonly believed that the Bouba/Kiki effect is driven by the local rounded and angular features of a pattern, here we investigated the importance of an alternative level of visual processing-namely the global contours. We adopted compound radial frequency (RF) patterns and segmented them into convexities (outward curves) or concavities (inward curves). Note that convexities are more informative in terms of inferring the global contour than concavities. When the perceptual grouping of segments was facilitated by increasing their length, the grouping of convexities was more efficient than that of concavities as manifested by the closer matching judgments to the compound RF patterns. When we interfered with the perceptual grouping of segments by rotating each segment by 180°, the matching consensus of convexities was higher when they were presented in the original than in the reversed orientation. Hence, the Bouba/Kiki effect was susceptible to the factors modulating the perceptual grouping process going from segments to the global contour, suggesting that the Bouba/Kiki effect may occur at the global level of shape perception. Sound-shape correspondences would therefore seem to be expressed at multiple levels of information processing, furthering our understanding of the development, underpinning neural mechanisms, and applications of crossmodal correspondences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The past few years have witnessed a fervent theoretical debate about the exact visual mechanisms supporting nonsymbolic number processing. The idea that quantity information is extracted through a primitive visual segmentation algorithm has been challenged by recent models, which rather tap on low-level features confounded with numerosity (i.e., density, convex hull, or total area). Here we used an original manipulation based on visual illusions to disentangle whether visual numerosity processing operates over discrete units or rather over continuous variables. In particular, we generated a set of stimuli composed by open inducers (e.g., like a pac-man shape) that simulate physical connections with Kanizsa-like illusory contours (ICs). Test sets contained pairs of collinear open inducers items that prompted 0 IC, 2 IC, or 4 IC lines connecting 2 objects. Critically, low-level visual features were fully controlled across connectedness levels. We found a systematic underestimation as we increased the IC connections when participants had to select the larger between 2 sets of objects (Experiment 1) but not in the case of aligned closed inducers preventing illusory lines (Experiments 2A and 2B). selleck chemicals llc We also found a systematic numerosity underestimation when both IC connections and continuous features (e.g., convex hull) were independently manipulated in test stimuli (Experiment 3). Finally, these results were shown to be task independent because the same effects of IC connections were replicated in an estimation task (Experiment 4). Taken together, our findings indicate that numerosity perception relies on basic visual-segmentation mechanisms, pointing out the need of new theoretical frameworks integrating both continuous and discrete perceptual number signals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Speakers monitor auditory feedback during speech production in order to correct for speech errors. The comparator model proposes that this process is supported by comparing sensory feedback to internal predictions of the sensory consequences of articulation. Additionally, this comparison process is proposed to support the sense of agency over vocal output. The current study tests this hypothesis by asking whether mismatching auditory feedback leads to a decrease in the sense of agency as measured by speakers' responses to pitch-shifted feedback. Participants vocalized while auditory feedback was unexpectedly and briefly pitch-shifted. In addition, in one block, the entire vocalization's pitch was baseline-shifted ("alien voice"), while it was not in the other block ("normal voice"). Participants compensated for the pitch shifts even in the alien voice condition, suggesting that agency was flexible. This is problematic for the classic comparator model, where a mismatching feedback would lead to a loss of agency. Alternative models are discussed in light of these findings, including an adapted comparator model and the inferential account, which suggests that agency is inferred from the joint contribution of several multisensory sources of evidence. Together, these findings suggest that internal representations of one's own voice are more flexible than often assumed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).