Demirmcleod7237

With the aim to improve the pollution removal efficiency, a layered extraction simulation device for the removal of benzene-contaminated soil via soil vapor extraction was constructed. The removal of benzene from soils by both layered extraction and unlayered extraction was explored based on the factors of extraction flow, extraction time, initial contaminant content, initial soil moisture content, and extraction method. Under the same conditions, layered extraction improved the repair efficiency, shortened the repair time, and decreased the cost of repair. Different factors exerted different influences on the extraction effect, but overall, compared with unlayered extraction, the removal rate of layered extraction can be increased by 2-20%. In particular, when the content of benzene was high, layered and intermittent extraction could remove more than 90% of benzene from the soil. When layered extraction was adopted, the pressure loss in the lower part of the soil layer was small and the air flow into the soil was large, which can promote the volatilization of benzene and thus improve its removal rate. Osmotic stresses caused by reduced water availability or the accumulation of salts in the soil can be highly damaging to plants. The objective of this study was to investigate physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms of two turfgrass species (seashore paspalum and centipedegrass) with distinct differences in salinity tolerance exposed to osmotic and iso-osmotic salt stresses. Three turfgrass genotypes including seashore paspalums 'Seastar' and 'UGP113', and centipedegrass 'TifBlair' were grown in ½ strength Hoagland's solution with three different treatment conditions; control (no external addition), salt stress (-0.4 MPa by adding NaCl) and osmotic stress [-0.4 MPa by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG)]. Osmotic stress damages were more severe with greater reductions in turf quality, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential (Ψw) compared to iso-osmotic salt stress in both seashore paspalum and centipedegrass. Greater osmotic adjustment (OA) with greater accumulation of metabolically inexpensive inorganic osmolytes (Na+) helped turfgrasses to lessen damages in salt stress compared to osmotic stress. However, such accumulation of Na+ resulted ion-toxicity and triggered some damages in terms of increased electrolyte leakage (EL) and reduced total protein in salt-sensitive centipedegrass. Seashore paspalum had better ion regulation and also maintained greater antioxidant enzyme activities compared to centipedegrass; therefore it was able to avoid ion-specific damages under salt stress. Differences in the utilization of specific solutes for osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism are partially responsible for the differences in salt versus osmotic stress responses in these species; the regulation of these defense mechanisms requires further investigation. BACKGROUND High plasma levels of activated Factor VII-Antithrombin complex (FVIIa-AT) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES To investigate if FVIIa-AT levels are associated with activated factor X generation (FXaG) in modified assays. PATIENTS/METHODS Forty CAD patients were characterized for FVIIa-AT levels by ELISA and for FXaG in plasma. selleck chemicals llc Novel fluorogenic FXaG assays, based on aptamers inhibiting thrombin and/or tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), were set up. RESULTS FXaG correlated with FVIIa-AT levels (RAUC = 0.393, P = 0.012). The combination of thrombin inhibition and FXaG potentiation by using anti-thrombin and anti-TFPI aptamers, respectively, favors the study of time parameters. The progressive decrease in lag time from the lowest to the highest FVIIa-AT quartile was magnified by combining TFPI and thrombin inhibitory aptamers, thus supporting increased FXaG activity in the coagulation initiation phase. By exploring FXaG rates across FVIIa-AT quartiles, the largest relative differences were detectable at the early times (the highest versus the lowest quartile; 5.0-fold, P = 0.005 at 45 s; 3.5-fold, P = 0.001 at 55 s), and progressively decreased over time (2.3-fold, P = 0.002 at 75 s; 1.8-fold, P = 0.008 at 95 s; 1.6-fold, P = 0.022 at 115 s). Association between high FVIIa-AT levels and increased FXaG was independent of F7 -323 A1/A2 polymorphism influencing FVIIa-AT levels. CONCLUSIONS High FVIIa-AT plasma levels were associated with increased FXaG. Hypercoagulability features were specifically detectable in the coagulation initiation phase, which may have implications for cardiovascular risk prediction by either FVIIa-AT complex measurement or modified FXaG assays. Three series of novel 4-phenoxypyridine derivatives containing 4-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine- 3-carboxamide, 5-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxamide and 4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxamide moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activitives against c-Met kinase and cytotoxic activitives against A549, H460, HT-29 cancer cell lines. The results indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to good antitumor activitives. The most promising compound 26a (with c-Met IC50 value of 0.016 μM) showed remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, H460, and HT-29 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.59 μM, 0.72 μM and 0.56 μM, respectively. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies indicate that 4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxamide was more preferred as linker part, and electron-withdrawing groups on the terminal phenyl rings are beneficial for improving the antitumor activitives. Furthermore, the colony formation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, apoptosis, and wound-healing assay of 26a were performed on HT-29 and/or A549 cell lines. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent proteolytic metalloenzyme. MMP-9 is one of the most complex forms of matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-9 has the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and has important role in the pathophysiological functions. Overexpression and dysregulation of MMP-9 is associated with various diseases. Thus, regulation and inhibition of MMP-9 is an important therapeutic approach for combating various diseases including cancer. Inhibitors of MMP-9 can be used as anticancer agents. Till date no selective MMP-9 inhibitors passed the clinical trials. In this review the structure, activation, function and inhibitors of MMP-9 are mainly focused. Some highly active and/or selective MMP-9 inhibitors have been discussed which may be helpful to explore the structural significance of MMP-9 inhibitors. This study may be useful to design new potent and selective MMP-9 inhibitors against cancer in future.