Lyngcarstensen6504
To examine the role of employee, supervisor, and organizational support in the prediction of employee participation in wellness programs.
Data were collected at two-time points (T1 and T2) from 194 Australian employees.
Hierarchical binary logistic regressions revealed that higher levels of employee and supervisor support for wellness at T1 each predicted T2 participation, and high supervisor support was more effective when organizational support was high and did not compensate for when organizational support was low. Employees with higher perceptions of T1 poor general health had a lower likelihood of T2 participation, and higher levels of T1 supervisor support was a further deterrent to participation.
Different sources of support for wellness predict employee attendance in wellness programs and it is important to ensure that supervisor and organizational support are aligned.
Different sources of support for wellness predict employee attendance in wellness programs and it is important to ensure that supervisor and organizational support are aligned.
The present study examined the relationship between the intensity of home-based telework and work engagement.
This cross-sectional study using a self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted from December 22 to 25, 2020, in Japan. The subjects were asked single-item questions about the intensity of telework and three-item questions about work engagement using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Coefficients were estimated using a multilevel regression model nested by the prefecture of residence and adjusted for covariates.
High-intensity (4 or more days per week) telework was not associated with high work engagement for men or women. In contrast, low and moderate intensity (3 days per week to once per month) were associated with high work engagement. The results were consistent when stratified by sex.
Reasonable-intensity telework may have beneficial effects on work engagement.
Reasonable-intensity telework may have beneficial effects on work engagement.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that half of the antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in ambulatory care settings are unnecessary. To better understand the quality-of-care implications of prescription patterns for ARTIs, we conducted a retrospective chart review of outpatient ARTI visits, across a large integrated health system, and examined the association of patient characteristics with receiving antimicrobials, as well as the association between receiving antimicrobials and healthcare utilization (outpatient and emergency department visits). We found that 55.4% of all ARTI outpatients were treated with antimicrobials. There was no association between patient demographics and antimicrobial prescriptions on either the first (p < .0771) or follow-up (p < .6316) visits. A lower comorbidity score was significantly associated with receiving antimicrobials (p < .0022). Patients who received antimicrobials at the first visit had significantly haphics and antimicrobial prescriptions on either the first (p less then .0771) or follow-up (p less then .6316) visits. A lower comorbidity score was significantly associated with receiving antimicrobials (p less then .0022). Patients who received antimicrobials at the first visit had significantly higher number of follow-up visits (p less then .005) and more follow-up antimicrobial prescriptions (p less then .0066) as compared with patients who did not receive antimicrobials at the first visit. Our results highlight the potential for clinicians to improve quality of care in ARTI management.
This study aimed to explore the epigenetic regulation of activity-dependent and exon-specific brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression under KCl depolarization in primary cortical neurons.
We investigated BDNF exon I, exon IV and the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 alpha (Gadd45α) transcription levels under KCl-induced neuronal activation in postmitotic neurons. Gadd45α occupancy at BDNF I and IV promoter was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by quantitative PCR; DNA methylation level was checked by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by qPCR. In addition, lentiviral shRNA targeting Gadd45α was used to knockdown Gadd45α expression.
BDNF exon I and IV mRNA expressions were both highly induced by KCl depolarization. However, ChIP analysis demonstrated a significantly increased Gadd45α occupancy only at the BDNF P1 promotor, but not P4, which is associated with reducing DNA methylation within BDNF P1 promoter. Furthermore, after the lentiviral-mediated knockdown of Gadd45α, the increased Gadd45α occupancy at the BDNF P1 was inhibited, which was accompanying the complete blocking of the demethylation effect at P1. Nonetheless, the induction of BDNF exon I mRNA by KCl was only partially prevented by Gadd45α shRNA, indicting other mechanisms involved in regulating BDNF exon I expression.
DNA demethylation mediated by Gadd45α protein involves promoting the regulation of activity-dependent BDNF exon I expression in neurons.
DNA demethylation mediated by Gadd45α protein involves promoting the regulation of activity-dependent BDNF exon I expression in neurons.Alzheimer's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used to explore structural integrity and to describe white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Previous research has indicated that the change of connections between white matter fiber tracts is very important for investigating the brain function of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, whether white matter features can be used as potential biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer's disease tendency requires more in-depth research. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the damage in white matter tracts and the decline of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. DTI data were collected from 38 Alzheimer's disease patients and 30 normal controls. Fiber assignment by continuous tracking approach was used to establish connections between different brain regions of the whole brain, network-based statistical analysis and support vector machine classification analysis were used to explore the connection of whole-brain fiber bundles between the two groups. Most importantly, our results showed that the connections between brain regions of Alzheimer's disease patients were damaged, and the damage were mainly located in the right hemisphere, there was a certain degree of lateralization effect. Using whole-brain fiber bundle connection network as a feature for classification, we found it helped to improve the classification accuracy in Alzheimer's disease patients, which is useful for early clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. These findings further suggested that we can use the whole-brain fiber bundle connection network of Alzheimer's disease patients as a potential diagnostic indicator of Alzheimer's disease in the future.Impaired motor learning in individuals with Parkinson's disease is often attributed to deficits in executive function, which serves as an important cognitive process supporting motor learning. However, less is known about the role of other cognitive domains and its association with motor learning in Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between motor learning and multiple domains of cognitive performance in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Twenty-nine participants with Parkinson's disease received comprehensive neuropsychological testing, followed by practice of a bimanual finger sequence task. A retention test of the finger sequence task was completed 24 h later. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the associations between motor learning (acquisition rate and retention) and cognitive performance in five specific cognitive domains, while controlling for age, sex, and years of Parkinson's disease diagnosis. We found that a higher acquisition rate was associated with better episodic memory, specifically better recall in visual episodic memory, in individuals with Parkinson's disease. No significant associations were observed between retention and cognitive performance in any domains. The association between motor acquisition and episodic memory indicates an increased dependency on episodic memory as a potential compensatory cognitive strategy used by individuals with Parkinson's disease during motor learning.
After ischemic stroke, microglia will be activated and play a key role in neuroinflammation and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and activated microglia could polarize into pro-inflammation M1 phenotype and anti-inflammation M2 phenotype. Dimethyl malonate (DMM) could reduce reactive oxygen species and we speculate DMM could regulate microglia to protect ischemic brain.
We used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model to simulate ischemic stroke and adult male C57BL/6 mice were used in our study. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure infarct volume. Evans Blue and Brain water content were used to evaluate the destruction of BBB. We used a five-point scale to assess the neurologic function of mice. Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to measure microglia, pericytes and the expression of related proteins.
DMM reduced cerebral infarct volume, Evans blue leakage, brain water content and improved neurologic deficits after tMCAO. The number of activated microglia and M1 microglia were decreased and the number of M2 microglia and pericytes were increased after DMM treatment. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced while protein levels of IL-10 and ZO-1 were increased through DMM treatment.
DMM could regulate activation and polarization of microglia to inhibit neuroinflammation and protect BBB.
DMM could regulate activation and polarization of microglia to inhibit neuroinflammation and protect BBB.
Rønnestad, BR, Haugen, OC, and Dæhlin, TE. Superior on-ice performance after short-interval vs long-interval training in well-trained adolescent ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 9 weeks with 3 weekly sessions of short intervals (SIs) against long intervals (LIs) on endurance performance in well-trained adolescent ice hockey players. Eighteen male adolescent ice hockey players volunteered to participate and were randomly allocated to perform SIs (n = 9; 3 series with 13 × 30 seconds work intervals) or LIs (n = 7; 4 series of 5 minutes work intervals). Subjects completed a skating multistage aerobic test (SMAT), maximal oxygen consumption, maximal power output, and maximal isokinetic knee-extensor strength tests before and after the intervention, and changes in performance were assessed using analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). Short intervals improved SMAT performance more from pretest to post-test than LIs (13.9 ± 8.1% vs. find more 3.7 ± 5.2%, respectively; p = 0.030, effect size [ES] = 1.48). No significant differences were observed between SIs and LIs in change of maximal oxygen uptake (SI 3.8 ± 6.1% vs. LI -0.4 ± 10.2%; p = 0.30) or 60 seconds maximal power output (SI 1.0 ± 4.9% vs. LI -3.7 ± 4.1%; p = 0.053). However, ESs were moderate (ES = 0.55) and large (ES = 1.07), respectively, in favor of SI for these dependent variables. There were no changes in isokinetic knee-extension strength (p > 0.05). The present SI protocol induced superior improvements in on-ice endurance performance compared with the LI protocol. Practitioners seeking to improve ice hockey players' on-ice endurance performance should consider including SI in their conditioning protocol.
0.05). The present SI protocol induced superior improvements in on-ice endurance performance compared with the LI protocol. Practitioners seeking to improve ice hockey players' on-ice endurance performance should consider including SI in their conditioning protocol.
